From Paradise to Hell to Purgatory Rebooted
The poet was not unaware of the significance of SUN Dawu's speech at the China Agriculture University in 2003. Indeed, the poet hired a graduate student to translate the speech into English. Both versions were published on the poet's website. Although he personally did not hear the speech, nevertheless he, Dr. LUO Xiwen (Department of Philosophy of CASS) and SUN Dawu had met leading educators at the institution in order to arrange a co-operative agreement with respect to vocational training between a proposed college of Dawu Group-Red Deer College and the university.
The high frequency of the word "xianghe" (祥和) in the speech has been emphasized by the editor of ChinaChange. It means "peacefulness”or "serenity”but carries the literal meaning of "auspicious harmony". In other words, in 2003 and much earlier, SUN Dawu had dreamed of an utopian Paradise based on the idea of "common prosperity". 1. More importantly, he was successfully implementing it. As the poet understands it "common prosperity" has also been a priority of Xi Jinping Thought--particularly in 2021. On the final day of his trial, SUN Dawu implied that inflation might impede wide-spread common prosperity for the country.
One might say that the period of opening up and reform on the macro scale and the common prosperity of Dawu Group as a private enterprise on the micro scale represented a kind of Paradise. However, the fall from grace for Dawu Group took place with the arrest of Sun Dawu and his two brothers on May 27, 2003. Arrest represented Hell. Purgatory began in prison and lasted until November 11, 2003 when all legal details were finalized. Paradise was revisited with freedom of the individual and group. It was reached in the establishment of the Private Entrepreneurial Constitutional System in 2004 which was a type of constitutional monarchy.
Over the years, there were many trials and tribulations faced by the Group due to property disputes of a historical nature going back to the 1950's and more recently to an intellectual property dispute resolved at the Supreme Court. The main dispute though was between Dawu Group and Xushui State Farm which is only an organ or agent of the government; so, its actual ownership is unclear. The dispute involved land. However, despite these disputes it is indisputable that common prosperity was achieved by 9000 employees of Dawu Group through a system that emphasized people rather than profit.
The year 2020 resembled the year 2003 in some respects. One similarity was the emergence of atypical pneumonia in southern China. It was classified as SARS-CoV-1 during its emergence in Guangdong Province in November 2002 and SARS-CoV-2 as it emerged in Wuhan perhaps in November of 2019. The initial government response in both cases was deceit and denial. It treated the disease as a political issue; for example, it organized neighbourhood committees as it had utilized them to control political dissent during The Cultural Revolution. People were afraid of the disease, but the government was more afraid of losing control of the people.
It is no coincidence that Sun was arrested as the disease hit Beijing in May 2003 and also after the evolved virus struck the Xinfadi market in Beijing and and then Baoding which is 150 kilometers southwest of the capital. Martial law was declared in Baoding and a wartime mechanism was imposed by the epidemic response center.
Today, the government restricts visits of lawyers to SUN Dawu on the excuse of SARS-CoV-2. However, it is more concerned how peasants, farmers, entrepreneurs and even intellectuals of China are influenced by the man considered to be the moral conscience of the nation. Incarceration merely strengthens the people's trust in The Great Noon (伟大的正午).
The re-descent into Hell of the decent SUN Dawu and Dawu Group began with two protests reflecting its relations with Xushui State Farm. Sun has characterized it as a "Freak Farm". They were known as the 6.20 and 8.4 incidents in the summer of 2020. By themselves they were not very important as they historically involved only 740 mu of land, but their influence was magnified as they are representative of land disputes throughout China.
The incidents were special, too, in that they are responses to land laws enacted in the commune era of Mao dating back to The Great Leap Forward in 1958. They haven't yet been adequately solved by any CCP government. Therefore, who is to blame for the incidents? It's almost an example of "original sin" of the Party as opposed to its propaganda which emphasizes "original sin" of the peasants. Peasants like Sun--and Sun still calls himself a peasant-- commit no sin when they set up a grain bank in 2003 at Langwuzhuang to maximize and stabilize the income of farmers nor did they commit any sin when they prevented thugs from leaving who provokingly demolished a Dawu building in the August 4th incident of 2020. Sun does admit though that he made some inappropriate comments which he regrets in the aftermath of the incidents.
As a guide to the reader it may be said by the poet that Dawu Group entered Hell around midnight on November 11, 2020. Six busloads carrying 300 submachine-gun toting police and their dogs were dispatched. One can infer that the purpose was to instill terror.
The main difference though between the 2003 and 2020 arrests was in degree. In 2003, SUN Dawu was actually lured outside of the area to the Hongyan Hotel in Xushui City through a dinner invitation from a newly appointed county-party secretary. 10. The arrest was done in the light of day by plainclothes officers. If the poet recalls correctly there were many plainclothes police and unmarked cars that arrived during the day at Dawu Group in order to mop up as about 20 employees were detained. However, in the 2020 raid, The Great Noon was arrested along with about 30 senior Dawu officials by police in full tactical gear at midnight. The actions in 2003 were intended to instill fear; although, in retrospect, SUN Dawu described it as an atmosphere of terror. 10. The actions of November 11, 2020 were intended to instill terror. There is a saying by an unknown poet that reads as follows:
"When the use of fear fails
then the abuse of terror trails"
One might compare the fear and terror used in the Dawu arrests in 2003 and 2020 by contrasting the use of fear and terror in the The Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) and The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). The Great Leap Forward (大跃进) was a disaster in that it caused The Great Chinese Famine (三年大饥荒) from 1959-1961 which killed between 15 and 55 million. While terror was a factor in The Great Leap Forward it would seem that fear was the dominant emotion instilled in the peasants. Generally, people died slowly of starvation. They feared death through starvation. Of course, there were many individual exceptions such as scholars who experienced terror.
However, one might say that terror was instilled in the Chinese population in the early stages of The Cultural Revolution (文化大革命) 1966-1976. The first stage of mass killings began with the Red Terror (August-December 1966). For example, it did not concentrate on poor peasants, but rather rich peasants along with four other black categories as well as "capitalist roaders" in the Party. In Qufu or the birthplace of Confucius, the graves of the Kung family were dug up by the Red Guards (红卫兵) led by TAN Houlan in order to Annihilate the Kung Family Business (歼灭孔氏家族企业) 2. The takeover of the Confucian, Dawu Group (大午集团) in 2020 is its equivalent in what might be called Cultural Revolution 2.0 with its campaign to Annihilate the Dawu Family Business (歼灭大悟家族企业).
Seven of the innocent defendants which included Sun --who were presumed guilty until proven innocent-- were transferred to RSDL under jurisdiction of the Baoding municipal Public Security Bureau (PSB). RSDL stands for “Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location”. This means they had no fixed residence. This is unbelievable because the poet has visited SUN Dawu in his residence and listened to the words of Xi Jinping at the time of the national holiday. Now, the PSB is saying it didn't happen in Sun's residence which has remained the same.
Normally, RSDL is temporary in nature. For example, it may last three months. However, it can be extended as it was in these cases. The duration was extended several times. It appears to have lasted from November 11, 2020 to at least July 25, 2021 or the last day of the trial. "The PSB took advantage of the law with ill-intention, and nullified the human rights protection statute by designating jurisdiction." 3.
The defendants asked to be able to transfer from RSDL or Hell to a detention center because they said under RSDL they were being tortured. SUN Dawu stated "During RSDL, I once requested to be transferred to the detention center because my treatment produced misery beyond words and life was worse than death. I went on a hunger strike for three days." 4. All defendants said "life was worse than death". 6.
The defendant Ji Weilian ( 纪玮莲) said "I could see that there were once windows in the Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location (RSDL) room. I applied to change rooms, I was extremely agitated, and wanted to dig out the window. I wanted to open the door. I wanted air. I was interrogated too many times. My memory was declining." 5.
The RSDL were specifically constructed for the defendants of Dawu Group. They can hardly be called residences as there were no windows and no ventilation. The "formaldehyde level severely exceeded safety standards." 6. Formaldehyde is known to be a human carcinogen based on "higher risks of nasopharyngeal cancer and leukemia". 7. It is also used as an embalming fluid for the dead.
In other words, terror of the arrest was transforming into torture through RSDL for the defendants. Torture became a tactic of terror. During The Cultural Revolution the paramilitary organization called the Red Guards used torture through brutal struggle sessions. For example, On August 23, 1966 SHU Qingchu known as Lao She who was a communist party member and 20 other writers were transported to Beijing’s Temple of Confucius where a mob of 150 teenage girls beat them with bamboo sticks and theater props. 8.
The actual trial started on July 15th and lasted until July 25th 2021. It can be said that this was the eighth circle of Hell for the defendants. They were faced by those who claimed that the trial was open, but the visitors invited by those facing trial could not be seen. Each defendant was allowed only one visitor who was held in another room. SUN Dawu himself stated “All my family members had come, including our in-laws and other relatives, as well as employees, where are they? I want to know: Is this an open trial or not?” 3. Secondly, in the 2003 trial there were photographs allowed of the defendants which were published. No photos were allowed in the "open" court of 2021 to be published. Lawyers requested that judges recuse themselves on the ground that the court hearing was not truly public. The operative word there is "truly".
Canto XXIX Hell Divine Comedy Dante Alighieri
With points of thrilling pity, that I clos'd
Both ears against the volley with mine hands.
Together; such was here the torment: dire
The stench, as issuing steams from fester'd limbs. 9.
The outcome of the trial was never in doubt. If ever there were a predetermined result it was in the Gaobeidian Municipal court. For example, the Dawu Group itself was on trial. However, before the trial, government working groups took over operation of the company including company seals and financial affairs. The trial and sentence merely legalized seizure and control of the company by the government. SUN Fushuo (youngest son of SUN Dawu) has not been allowed to return to his position even when he completed his sentence on September 29, 2021. He and his family are invited to Canada as the poet's guests.
While SUN Dawu has risen from Hell he may be trapped in Purgatory for 18 years. He might get an opportunity to appeal his sentence if he is ever again allowed to see his lawyer. SARS-CoV-2 is used as the excuse to isolate Sun. Will Purgatory reform SUN Dawu? Perhaps, if he is allowed to read "Thirty Lectures on Socialist Thinking" by Xi Jinping which he was prevented from reading in Hell while he awaited trial.
One expects though that the real impact will be on the Chinese people. They may finally realize that the same thing could happen to any one of them. If they do not have the protection of lawyers, law, police and Party then who will protect them?
Purgatory where SUN Dawu was briefly incarcerated is called Baoding Prison or should one say the whole city of Baoding (保定) itself? The poet may have visited Baoding a hundred times for various reasons. However, he found no reason to stay for more than a few hours. It is one of the most heavily polluted cities in China.
It seems though that Baoding Prison was a little too close to Langwuzhuang or Sun's birthplace for the comfort of local authorities. They wanted to get rid of him as far away as possible from potential support. The capital of Hebei or Shijiazhuang which is hundreds of miles away was too close. They went further south to a prison in the Tangshan Guye District of Xingtai (邢台). It's almost on the southern boundary of the province of Hebei. The poet has passed through Xingtai by bus and train on his way from Anyang, Henan to Langwuzhuang Hebei, but again, it is no place to linger.
Xingtai is the most polluted city in China, so one can't imagine a Purgatory less likely to cleanse. It is a coal mining hub producing 20 million tonnes of metric coal a year and has one of the largest reactors. It meets the national standard with respect to pollution for only 38 days. On December 15, 2021 the pollution index was an unhealthy 183. 11.
Xingtai is reminiscent of industrialized London in the mid-nineteenth century. It is described by Charles Dickens (查尔斯·狄更斯) in Chapter One (The Chancery) of the serialized novel Bleak House (荒凉山庄).
"Smoke lowering down from chimney-pots, making a soft black drizzle, with flakes of soot in it as big as full-grown snowflakes—gone into mourning, one might imagine, for the death of the sun." 14.
The pollution in Xingtai is not the only environmental problem. In the Spring, large sandstorms blow in from the Mongolian steppe. The worst sandstorm the poet ever experienced was in Linyi City when his face and larynx were literally sandblasted.
There are few who don't know -- which includes authorities -- that this super-sized Purgatory is prone to earthquakes. Xingtai, Hebei is located above the North China Seismic Belt. "The frequency and intensity of earthquakes here are second only to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau". 12. From March 8th to March 29th in 1966 the Xingtai earthquakes (邢台大地震) struck and killed 8064 people. 13. Fate will dictate whether you go out with a bang (earthquake) or a whimper (pollution) in the Purgatory of Xingtai.
SUN Dawu may take some solace in the lessons that real history provides. The Battle of Julu (鉅鹿之戰) 13. was fought at Xingtai in 207 BCE between forces of the Qin dynasty and the insurgent state of Chu. The battle provided a decisive victory for the rebels over the larger Qin army. Furthermore, it allowed for the rise of Liu Bang (劉邦) who was born into a peasant family. He reigned from 202-195 BCE as the first emperor of the Han Dynasty. 16.
In summary, there are two key 18 year periods of three phases each for Dawu Group and its founder SUN Dawu which may be broadly summarized. In period one, Dawu Group is founded. This may be equated with Paradise as barren land becomes fertile. However, Hell begins with the arrest of SUN Dawu and his brothers on May 27, 2003. It is followed by Purgatory until the official settlement on November 11, 2003 for time served.
In period two, Paradise begins for the Sun family and Dawu Group with the release of the Suns and establishment of normalcy at Dawu Group. The fruition of Paradise is the creation of the Private Entrepreneurial Constitutional System in 2004. The company continues to grow and its employees prosper. However, there were several major setbacks which included two trademark cases, African Swine Flu, seizure of apartment buildings and two land disputes in 2020. It may be said that there was a descent into Hell on November 11, 2020 in the detention of Dawu employees which included SUN Dawu and the seizure of Dawu Group. Seven employees including SUN Dawu were removed from their residences and then designated without residence. Life in “Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location” is Hell. The defendants are consigned to Purgatory in their sentences on July 28, 2021.
Sun is sentenced to 18 years in Purgatory for pleading not guilty. The verdict implies that he has learned nothing in the last two periods of 18 years. The open question though is what have the Chinese people learned from the imprisonment of SUN Dawu, the seizure of Dawu Group and their own situation within the Cultural Revolution 2.0 of fear and terror sponsored by the State. Perhaps the unintended lesson is that revolution is the solution.
D. Carlton Rossi
December 24, 2021
1. https://chinachange.org/2021/04/02/sun-dawu-a-chinese-agricultural-entrepreneurs-36-year-dream-in-the-era-of-reform-and-opening-up-part-two/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Guards
3. https://chinachange.org/2021/07/17/briefing-on-the-first-day-of-dawu-trial/
4. https://chinachange.org/2021/07/18/briefing-on-the-second-day-of-dawu-trial/
5. https://chinachange.org/2021/07/20/briefing-on-the-fourth-day-of-dawu-trial-i-want-to-dig-a-window/
6. https://chinachange.org/2021/08/01/briefing-on-the-eleventh-day-of-dawu-trial-10-questions-and-10-answers/
7. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/formaldehyde.html
8. https://listverse.com/2016/06/24/10-disturbing-stories-from-chinas-horrific-cultural-revolution/
9. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/8789/8789-h/8789-h.htm#link29
10. https://chinachange.org/2015/07/24/what-can-you-do-in-the-face-of-terror-a-chinese-entrepreneur-responds-to-arrest-of-rights-lawyers/
11. https://aqicn.org/map/china/
12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Xingtai_earthquakes
13. https://www.163.com/dy/article/G8MBV1OJ0543RDXS.html
14. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1023/1023-h/1023-h.htm
15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Julu
16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Han
The Demolition Incidents
My readers may be familiar with a story published on my websites about three years ago. The basis of the story didn't make the national headlines in China because it was a local matter; although, it represents a rather pervasive phenomenon. Several large advertising towers along the highway belonging to Dawu Group were demolished on June 16, 2018 by government departments.
The circumstance reminded the author of his experience at the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1993. He asked his doctoral students to imagine they were starting up a business in their particular field of expertise. The project was to design a poster which would advertise their business. Out of his own funds he purchased the posters which were to be used.
It was amazing the degree of enthusiasm and skills the students applied to their project. This was magnified because most of the students were in theoretical rather than applied sciences. They actually had to think about the real world and what they might do after they graduated.
Their teacher was quite proud of their achievements. He displayed their posters on the walls of three classrooms. However, he ran out of space. Therefore he also posted them on the walls of the stairwells.
The Party had them all torn down within one-half hour. It may not be called demolition, but it is definitely censorship of free speech. They asked him why the posters had been put up. He explained to them that his kindergarten teacher used the same method. And everything he learned was in kindergarten--especially social skills. They didn't quite know how to respond to that reply.
Dawu Group put up large advertising signs along the highway to direct motorists to their businesses--especially out of town travellers who wanted to find the water park. They asked permission of authorities to put up the signs and they received permission. Another hundred businesses did the same thing.
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Yet, one day the government arbitrarily tore down the signs without using legal procedure. They even confiscated property in the same manner. Anyone else-- except those in authority--might regard it as vandalism if not theft. The signs were sold for their scrap steel value. Of course, the government used a third party so that they could distance themselves from illegal theft. The point is that the distinction between getting permission and not getting permission is blurred because the government can act arbitrarily and even claim legality based on vague laws. However, if the government is teaching its citizenry to act as it does rather than what it says then it may unexpectedly get exactly what it wishes.
One might say that the government's dismantlement of the billboards was predicatable based on two factors. The most important was the Xiong'an New Area 雄安新区 which was established in April 2017. Xiong'an's development is taking place under the direct oversight of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council. This means private signs were sacrificed by the State in the interest of public good as interpreted by the State, part of a beatification program or for any other reason.
The second factor involves precedent. The city of Beijing had announced on December 17, 2017 that 27,000 illegal signs would be demolished. These were along the 4th Ring Road which was fininished in 2001. The author is familiar with this road because he travelled on it for 45 minutes by bicycle to CAS in Zhongguancun, Haidian District so he could teach a 3 hour class and then returned on the same road in the opposite direction to teach a 3 hour class at CASS in Chaoyang District.
The battle of 4th Ring Road, so to speak, was waged on four fronts; namely, signs, safety, beatification and demolition of homes. Tens of thousands of rural migrants and workers were kicked out of their homes and forced to move back to the countryside. One woman was thrown out of her home, thrown out of a hostel the next day and thrown out of another hostel on the third day.
The dismantlement of billboards in the Xiong'an area in 2018 was also a harbinger of things to come. Billboards are basically signs. However, symbols are much more important. Dawu SUN, Dawu Group and Dawu City are related symbols. They symbolize freedom, family enterprise, democracy, constitutionalism and moral principles. The three symbols are perceived as threats to the Communist Party because of their proximity to the the Xiong'an New Area.
Dawu City is a socialist, utopian paradise of common prosperity. It is based on goodness rather than evilness. The model encourages people to be good and it begins with the family and earlier with ancestors and rites. On the other hand, the Party's model is top down. It assumes that force is necessary because people are born evil. Of course, it may be said that evil is in the eye of the beholder.
It can be perceived that SUN Dawu is much like Confucius who searched for a ruler to serve. According to a new book called of The Shortest History of China by Linda Jaivin, Confucius asked seventy-two different rulers if he could serve them. Ironically, it seems, he also had seventy-two pupils who mastered his thought, but they were not rulers.
Unfortunately for Sun--China has only one ruler. China is ruled by only one thought. It is Xi Jinping Thought. It is a situation reminiscent of the Cultural Revolution under Mao Tse-tung who wanted to preserve Chinese Communism and his own authority by imposing Mao Tse-tung Thought as the dominant ideology.
There is a difference though between Confucius and SUN Dawu with respect to the times they lived. Confucius lived in the Spring and Autumn period of the Zhou Dynasty. He was arrested only temporarily because of misidentification. However, if Confucius had lived in the Qin Dynasty he likely would have been persecuted or perhaps executed through burial along with 460 Confucian scholars. The author classifies Emperor Qin Shi Huang's Thought as "Tough Thought".
It was not enough for the Party to establish a committee at Dawu Group. It was not enough for the Party to require systematic government access to private-sector data at Dawu Group as they have required throughout China. It was not enough to hold a local meeting of the Party at Dawu Group around the time of the trial.
What was required was the arrest of more than 20 family members and company executives of Dawu Group along with the seizure of the Dawu Group Ltd. What was required was replacement of all 30 managers of the subsidiaries with officials sympathetic to the Party if not outright Party members. What was required was the conviction of SUN Dawu and others on charges of "Picking quarrels" 寻衅滋事 which the author calls "Peking quarrels" even though those quarrels were provoked by organs of the State. What was required by the Party was the Annihilation of the Dawu Group Family Enterprise reminiscent of the Annihilation of the Kong (Confucius) Family Enterprise in 1966 during the Cultural Revolution.
The trigger for the arrests and seizure of Dawu Group 大午集团 were the land dispute incidents of 6.21 and 8.4 against Xushui State Farm in 2020 which are known in Chinese as 2020年针对徐水国营农场的6.21和8.4土地纠纷. Three of the charges relate specifically to the 8.4 incident of August 04, 2020. The following abbreviated account is provided through the courtesy of China Change.
"The “August 4 incident” specifically refers to a series of collective rights’ protection actions by Dawu Group employees on August 4, 2020, when the Xushui District Public Security Bureau (徐水区公安局) intervened with excessive force in the land dispute between Dawu Group and a state-owned farm.
At the end of July 2020, the Dawu Group built fences and prefabricated mobile houses on the Sijiatai (四家台) lot for farming and management needs in accordance with the land contract signed with Langwuzhuang village (郎五庄).
On August 4, 2020, the state-owned farm obtained the protection of a large number of police from the Xushui District Public Security Bureau (PSB) through a mere written request without prior notice to Dawu Group, without negotiating with Dawu or taking other legal approaches. The state farm personnel unilaterally demolished Dawu's enclosure and mobile houses valued at 18,000 yuan..."
In retrospect, one can see that the demolitions began outside of the Dawu Group on the highways leading up to it. It involved the destruction of billboards or property owned by Dawu Group which were used for advertising purposes. The company had legal permission to erect those billboards. Dawu Group's staff claimed the demolition was done by government departments. The mayor actually said "Your Dawu Company must support the work of the government!" Basically, the Dawu response was as long as it complies with the law. The author seems to recall that the total loss to the Dawu Group amounted to $100,000 US and the loss to business is incalculable.
On August 04, 2020 another demolition took place at Dawu City. It was a building owned by Dawu Group. The building had been erected a few days earlier. This was done in accordance with a land contract with Langwuzhuang village (where SUN Dawu was born). However, the building was demolished without notice under a police protective umbrella. While the damage done amounted to only about $3000 US; nevertheless, the demolition was planned in advance as a provocation by an organ of the State. A civil disturbance and resistance ensued. In the immediate aftermath, Dawu Group employees were arrested. No one who was responsible for the demolition was arrested. No police were arrested. All of this resulted in the midnight arrest of the Great Noon (SUN Dawu) and executives of the company by police wielding submachine guns on November 11, 2020. In effect, the entire Dawu Group Ltd. was also seized by the State.
D. Carlton Rossi
October 18, 2021
Beijing is rapidly demolishing its own city, and 27,000 billboards are next,
Tara Francis Chan Dec 4, 2017
https://www.businessinsider.com/beijing-after-mass-evictions-comes-billboard-campaign-2017-12
Briefing on the Seventh Day of Dawu Trial
Dawu Legal Team, July 21, 2021
https://chinachange.org/2021/07/24/briefing-on-the-seventh-day-of-dawu-trial/
民营企业“大悟公司”大型广告牌被拆除（博讯2018年6月22日转载）
The large-scale billboard of the private enterprise "Dawu Company" was demolished (Reproduced by Boxun on June 22, 2018.
https://bnn.co/news/gb/china/2018/06/201806222201.shtml
Linda Jaivin, The Shortest History of China, Published by Black Inc.: Carlton Australia, 2021.
无限 Infinity 沙漏 Sandglass
From Infinity to Time as Measured by a Sandglass
The Mandate of Heaven was a compact between the people of the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE-256 BCE) and the supreme god. It conferred legitimacy on the Zhou ruler. The ruler was bound to uphold harmony and honor within the empire. The Zhou was the longest lasting dynasty at 790 years.
The Han Dynasty (202 BCE-220 BCE) was the second longest imperial dynasty at 422 years. The Four Seas (四海) concept was a pre-Han Dynasty belief which was held since at least the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. However, the Han Dynasty defined it more clearly and expanded upon the concept. The seas included the East China Sea, South China Sea, Lake Balkash as the West Sea and Lake Baikal as the North Sea.
Today, China's offshore Four Seas are the Bohai, Yellow, East China and South China. It was announced on November 28, 2011 that military exercises were held near the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea, East Sea, in the north Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. The exercises continue to the present time.
The most disputed area with respect to legal rights pertains to the South China Sea. On September 25, 2017, China announced a claim called the Four Sha” (四沙 meaning four sand). It extends sovereignty and maritime jurisdiction to the island groups called Dongsha, Xisha, Nansha, and Zhongsha.
The poet is reminded of the "X" symbol in the middle of the ruler on the Selden Map. It resembles infinity. The symbol is employed by the poet on both the Northwest Rectangle (Silk Road trade routes) and expanded Illustration D (includes Maritime Trade Routes) to define the extent of Chinese territory based in part on the old and modified concept of Four Seas during the Han Dynasty. The horizontal infinity symbol represents an unlimited period of time.
With respect to the human time span one might consider the period from the Zhou to the Qing Dynasty which is exceedingly long. However, if the infinity symbol is turned so that it becomes vertical it resembles a sandglass or hour glass. It measures short periods of time. For example, the shift for a Chinese sailor during the Ming Dynasty as measured by a sandglass was two and a half hours or one tenth of the day. Therefore, the shift from what had been the Nine Dash Line to a shifting sands Four Sha claim seems to be equivalent to that of a sandglass with respect to time. It is short and rather fleeting compared to the longer 2957 year period from Zhou to Qing which involved both the Mandate of Heaven compact and the Four Seas concept.
However, the Chinese government and Communist Party is officially atheist. They have connected the Four Seas which are adjacent to China. Since the South China Sea links the Pacific and Indian Oceans it then becomes part of the One Belt One Road plan which is an expanded view of Xi Jinping Thought. One Belt One Road has been renamed the "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI) which is intended to join China with more than 100 countries through railroad, shipping and energy projects.
The BRI may be regarded as a grandiose scheme. Historically speaking, how have grandiose schemes fared in Chinese history? Qin Shi Huangdi (秦始皇) was the first emperor of a united China. In the North, he built the precursor of the Great Wall to defend the Qin state from the Xiongnu and in the South he built the Lingqu canal to transport supplies to the army. He was unable to secure an elixir of life from the island of Zhifu which has since joined the mainland by sand and soil of the sea's floor. His Plan B was to build a tomb and 35 to 60 kilometer square necropolis for the afterlife. The Qin Dynasty (秦朝) was one of the shortest since it lasted only fourteen years from 221 BCE-206 BCE.
Then there was the Yongle Emperor (永樂帝) who was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He reigned from 1402 CE-1424 CE. He called for a massive reconstruction of the Grand Canal. He also continued the building of the Ming Great Wall as a defensive measure and to protect his tomb. The Forbidden City of the new capital of Beijing took years to build at great expense. The inauguration took place on February 2, 1421. On May 09, 1421 the Forbidden City was struck by lightning. The fire burned down the Hall of Great Harmony, Central Harmony and Preserving Harmony. The Emperor lost the Mandate of Heaven.
Before the fire, the emperor had sponsored ZHENG He's sixth expedition of nine-masted treasure ships which sailed on March 03, 1421. The main purpose of the Treasure Fleet was to display Chinese might in order to secure tribute as early as 1409. A fleet of smaller vessels had sailed down the Sungari and Amur Rivers to Telin (特林) where the poet argues the Peng is located and the boundary of the Empire. The expenditures of the construction projects and the Treasure Fleet as well as ill-fated military expeditions left the empire in poor financial straits.
The main problem with the grandiose Belt and Road Initiative (involving the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road) is that there is no clear idea of its cost, timeline or extent.The cost estimates vary from $1 trillion to $8 trillion. The Center for Strategic and International Studies said in 2018 that China's trillion dollar infrastucture promise may not be met for several years. The main danger to the program seems to be inflated expections--especially if $8 trillion promises are touted as they have been by commentaries in the Hong Kong Economic Journal and mirrored by the Asian Development Bank. One might say that inflated promises of spending encourage countries to curry favour with China in order to secure funding. Is currying favour not the equivalent of paying tribute?
The China Communications Construction Company (CCCC) has taken part in BRI projects. It is said to be "the fulcrum of China’s BRI ambitions". Five of its entities have been placed on The Entity List of The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). The BIS placed restrictions on the companies which enabled the People's Republic of China to reclaim and militarize disputed outposts in the South China Sea.
D. Carlton Rossi
2020年10月26日
https://web.archive.org/web/20210122201442/http://sundawu.ca/Sun_Dawu.html
Illustration D
The Selden Map is provided courtesy of the Bodleian Library for educational purposes only
The poet is revisiting an image revealed to him on February 11, 2017 in order to make a descriptive comment on it. The image is superimposed on The Selden Map of the seventeenth century. It may surprise the reader to realize that he/she is viewing a poem. It is a poem of D. Carlton Rossi. It is a poem in the style of Poetic Analytic Imagery or to be specific Poetic Analytics of Imagery through Streams of Consciousness and Unconsciousness.
In this case, the poem is called Illustration D because the poet actually did not want to name it more specifically or for that matter describe it. He wanted the onlooker to see it without interpretation much as one would look at a painting in an art gallery or without commentary as one would read a poem.
An exception is made to the rule at this time because on The Selden Map he is now contrasting an unnamed poem involving a sandglass with a new poem involving the infinity sign. In other words, a rectangle is divided by an X into four parts. The infinity sign is horizontal and the sandglass sign is vertical stressing two different concepts of time and space. These signs are within Illustration D.
The viewer may appreciate the beauty of the geometric form evidenced in the illustration. Basically, it shows the Mandate of Heaven in the Middle Kingdom around 1619; that is, the relation of heaven, man and earth. More practically, it shows maritime trade routes complimenting older Silk Trade Routes on land. The emphasis though is on Beijing rather than Xian which was highlighted in an image poem called North-West Rectangle.
A brief description of Illustration D follows. The most important vertical line goes through the middle of the horizontal infinity symbol and the vertical sandglass sign. It also goes upward through a large yellow square. In the center of the large square is the smaller square. At its bottom is Beijing and within it is the Forbidden City and within it is the Temple of Heaven and within it is the Observatory near which sacrifices were made.
The small square is superinposed on another image. It is an outline of the Emperor dressed in Ming Dynasty style attire . As far as the poet knows he is the only one who has seen this hidden image. It is an image of the Emperor blowing the wind. Beijing is located in the Cap of the Emperor. It may be imagined that the Emperor is protected by the wall around the Forbidden City and one can see the Great Wall which protects China at the top of the Cap.
The line then continues north or upwards through the smaller infinity sign in the middle of the ruler. It progresses onward to the North Circumpolar Rectangle or Polar Quadrilateral. At the top of the large yellow square is the yellow rectangle (NCR). At the top of the square and rectangle is the center of the compass. It represents the location of Draconis A (an ancient Pole Star).
At the top, left-hand corner of the large square the poet has identified the Yanran Inscription within an horizontal rectangle. It marks a major victory of the Han over the Xiongnu Confederacy in 89 CE. The line then goes through the point at the center of the compass. It then goes eastward to the middle of the vertical rectangle representing the void. In other words, the importance of a major victory is contrasted with the unimportance of nothingness.
A poetic interpretation of The Selden Map through geometric form is relevant today. It defines the historical boundaries of modern China. Generally speaking, the Four Seas of the Han Dynasty mark the North, South, West and East boundaries of the Empire as defined in Illustration D and as explained in the poet's thesis called The Selden Poems. This illustration may or may not provide historical justification for China's claim to some or all of the South China Sea through either force or discourse based on the harmony of heaven, mankind and earth as a moral or legal imperative. However, it acts as an historical reference and guide for all parties.
The map itself is named after John Selden who wrote the draft for Mare Clausum or the closed sea in 1618 and the final version in 1635. He attempted to prove that the sea was "in practice virtually as capable of appropriation as terrestial territory." In the area of the South China Sea it contrasts to the Dutch East India Company's claim to an open sea enforced in 1619 with their seizure of the Javanese city of Jayakarta. The doctrine of the open sea was promulgated by Hugo Grotius in his Mare Liberum (1609) with respect to the Dutch involvement in the West Indies.
The poet is revisiting an image revealed to him on February 11, 2017 in order to make a descriptive comment on it. The image is superimposed on The Selden Map of the seventeenth century. It may surprise the reader to realize that he/she is viewing a poem. It is a poem of D. Carlton Rossi. It is a poem in the style of Poetic Analytic Imagery or to be specific Poetic Analytics of Imagery through Streams of Consciousness and Unconsciousness.
In this case, the poem is called Illustration D because the poet actually did not want to name it more specifically or for that matter describe it. He wanted the onlooker to see it without interpretation much as one would look at a painting in an art gallery or without commentary as one would read a poem.
An exception is made to the rule at this time because on The Selden Map he is now contrasting an unnamed poem involving a sandglass with a new poem involving the infinity sign. In other words, a rectangle is divided by an X into four parts. The infinity sign is horizontal and the sandglass sign is vertical stressing two different concepts of time and space. These signs are within Illustration D.
The viewer may appreciate the beauty of the geometric form evidenced in the illustration. Basically, it shows the Mandate of Heaven in the Middle Kingdom around 1619; that is, the relation of heaven, man and earth. More practically, it shows maritime trade routes complimenting older Silk Trade Routes on land. The emphasis though is on Beijing rather than Xian which was highlighted in an image poem called North-West Rectangle.
A brief description of Illustration D follows. The most important vertical line goes through the middle of the horizontal infinity symbol and the vertical sandglass sign. It also goes upward through a large yellow square. In the center of the large square is the smaller square. At its bottom is Beijing and within it is the Forbidden City and within it is the Temple of Heaven and within it is the Observatory near which sacrifices were made.
The small square is superinposed on another image. It is an outline of the Emperor dressed in Ming Dynasty style attire . As far as the poet knows he is the only one who has seen this hidden image. It is an image of the Emperor blowing the wind. Beijing is located in the Cap of the Emperor. It may be imagined that the Emperor is protected by the wall around the Forbidden City and one can see the Great Wall which protects China at the top of the Cap.
The line then continues north or upwards through the smaller infinity sign in the middle of the ruler. It progresses onward to the North Circumpolar Rectangle or Polar Quadrilateral. At the top of the large yellow square is the yellow rectangle (NCR). At the top of the square and rectangle is the center of the compass. It represents the location of Draconis A (an ancient Pole Star).
At the top, left-hand corner of the large square the poet has identified the Yanran Inscription within an horizontal rectangle. It marks a major victory of the Han over the Xiongnu Confederacy in 89 CE. The line then goes through the point at the center of the compass. It then goes eastward to the middle of the vertical rectangle representing the void. In other words, the importance of a major victory is contrasted with the unimportance of nothingness.
A poetic interpretation of The Selden Map through geometric form is relevant today. It defines the historical boundaries of modern China. Generally speaking, the Four Seas of the Han Dynasty mark the North, South, West and East boundaries of the Empire as defined in Illustration D and as explained in the poet's thesis called The Selden Poems. This illustration may or may not provide historical justification for China's claim to some or all of the South China Sea through either force or discourse based on the harmony of heaven, mankind and earth as a moral or legal imperative. However, it acts as an historical reference and guide for all parties.
The map itself is named after John Selden who wrote the draft for Mare Clausum or the closed sea in 1618 and the final version in 1635. He attempted to prove that the sea was "in practice virtually as capable of appropriation as terrestial territory." In the area of the South China Sea it contrasts to the Dutch East India Company's claim to an open sea enforced in 1619 with their seizure of the Javanese city of Jayakarta. The doctrine of the open sea was promulgated by Hugo Grotius in his Mare Liberum (1609) with respect to the Dutch involvement in the West Indies.
Illustration E
The poem called Illustration E is a refinement of Illustration D. The compass rose is now circled in yellow as if if it were the Sun. This acts as a counterpart to the square below. It suggests the circle could be theoretically squared.
One may also conjecture that the small yellow circle within the compass represents Draconis 11 while the small circle at the bottom of the yellow square represents Draconis 10. These small circles are the Pole Star and its binary companion respectively. The poet contends there were actually two Pole Stars. They rotate around a common barycenter.
D. Carlton Rossi
2020年10月25日
https://web.archive.org/web/20201210191822/http://www.sundawu.ca/Sun_Dawu.html
Fearful Symmetry
The author is rather surprised at the continuing naivety of government authorities in Canada. They talk about hostage diplomacy with regard to a link between the Spavor-Kovrig cases and that of the Meng Wanzhou case. It seems however that they learned nothing from the earlier Garratt case in terms of hostage diplomacy of Canadian citizens by Chinese authorities which directly involved Chinese-Korean relations. It should be noted that Kovrig was an expert of the Korean Peninsula while Spavor was a businessman in North Korea.
To support his view the author quotes from his April 03, 2019 paper called "The absurdity of the Liberal Government's China Policy and Strategy as it pertains to Canola". One needs to put the present into perspective by examining the past. On June 28, 2014, SU Bin--who was a permanent resident of Canada--was arrested for cyberespionage against Amercian military contractors with the theft of hundreds of thousands of files. Kevin Garratt who is a Canadian was arrested in China on August 4, 2014 in a tit-for-tat response and later charged with espionage. There was no foundation for the charges against Garratt. One might even call them absurd. Garratt didn't report to CSIS, but rather to God. He was held as a bargaining chip.
More fundamentally, though, Canadian authorities have not understood the phenomenon of "hostage diplomacy" as it has been applied internally and domestically in China. For example, the author is aware of a personal story of a Renmin University student at Tiananmen Square in 1989. He was one of the 1,000,000 students who were involved in the demonstration known as the June 4 Fourth Incident in China (六四事件). The national movement was called the 89 Democracy Movement (八九民运). The student caught the attention of Chinese authorities who limited his influence by stealing his sandals. As a result, he had to visit the infirmary of the hospital to get treatment for his blistered feet. They wanted to detain him on the second floor, but he climbed down the outside of the building to secure his freedom. The police couldn't find him; so, they arrested his father at his village thousands of miles away in the countryside. This forced the student to give himself up to police. The above example is a domestic case of hostage diplomacy. His father had nothing to do with his son's behavior; but, nevertheless, he was arrested so that they could target his son.
There was an instance of hostage diplomacy in the May 27, 2003 arrest of Sun Dawu (孙大午). The government's main target was Sun Dawu both because of his public statements at Beijing universities and because of his application of innovative financing in the grey area which competed against monopolistic banking concerns. Basically, authorities arrested his two brothers as hostages to bend Sun Dawu's will. Furthermore, they tried to arrest his wife, but she escaped in the trunk of a car.
A similar kind of situation transpired on November 11, 2020. Again, the target was Sun Dawu. This time all his family was arrested who were involved in the private, family business called Dawu Group making his grandchildren legal orphans. His lawyers continue to have concerns about the threat of gang charges being levied which could mean the legal seizure of his business. Virtual extortion may go hand-in-hand with virtual kidnapping.
Let's also not forget possible charges involving "foreign forces" which were first expressed around Tomb Sweeping Day on April 4, 2021. This charge might actually involve the author. Imagine, a poet as a foreign force! All the poet can say to the charge is "Vergiß die alten Freunde nicht" from the title of a poem by Leonard Cohen.
It is of significance that Sun Dawu's wife Liu Huiru and daughters-in-law Zhang Yuan and Ma Xiaochen were charged with “illegally absorbing deposits from the public” in a separate case. The defence argues the following. "The case was returned by the Gaobeidian People’s Prosecutorate to Gaobeidian Public Security Bureau for supplementary investigation. That’s the only charge against these women, and their so-called “criminal offense” involves nothing but providing personal bank accounts to Dawu Group, which is not a crime at all. What the Gaobeidian Prosecutorate is doing is holding these women as de facto “hostages” as a way to dismiss the defense lawyers’ motion against bringing separate charges against them." 1.
The Dawu Group was actually founded by Sun Dawu's wife. The year was 1985. It grew from a few chickens and pigs to an agricultural enterprise. However, the enterprise suffered a devastating blow some eighteen years later when its management led by Sun Dawu and his two brothers were arrested in 2003 on charges of illegal fund-raising.
It is commonly known that Sun Dawu was released on October 30, 2003 when he returned home at the time of his father's birthday (Sun Kai). However, what has been forgotten is that his probation formally began on November 11, 2003 when he dropped his appeal to the charges of illegal fundraising.
November 11th therefore takes on special meaning because that was the anniversary of the day on which Sun Dawu and his family were arrested in a massive sweep of Dawu Group. The date is informally known as 被捕11112020. It is no coincidence that Sun Dawu was arrested on November 11, 2020 or the anniversary to the day on which his probation began on November 11,2003. It is a political statement which is intended to convey that Sun Dawu learned nothing with respect to illegal fund-raising as well as the other charges. Nothing could be further from the truth; for example, he designed the Private Entrepreneurial Constitutional System in 2004.
The sentence of Sun Dawu was announced on July 28, 2021 or in the eighteenth year since his arrest in 2003. How many years did Sun Dawu get on the various charges? The length of the sentence appears to have been politically predetermined in advance. He received 18 years or, unofficially, one year for every year since his probation began after the trial in 2003. Sun Fushuo (孙福硕), Sun Dawu's younger son, said it plainly during the trial: “We all know that, no matter how outstanding the lawyers who defended us are, it will not change the rulings against us.” 2. which suggested a kind of pre-determination with regard to both verdicts and sentences.
If prosecutors unofficially lumped together sentences on eight charges to meet a predetermined length in Sun Dawu's case then it potentially jeopardizes the rights of appeal for Sun Dawu. The eighteen year periods from 1985 to 2003, 2003 to 2021 and 2021 to 2039 may be called Triple Unhappiness (三重不幸). It is shared by farmers, peasants and migrants.
D. Carlton Rossi
2021年8月13日
1. https://chinachange.org/2021/07/17/briefing-on-the-first-day-of-dawu-trial/
2. https://chinachange.org/2021/08/01/briefing-on-the-eleventh-day-of-dawu-trial-10-questions-and-10-answers/
The author is rather surprised at the continuing naivety of government authorities in Canada. They talk about hostage diplomacy with regard to a link between the Spavor-Kovrig cases and that of the Meng Wanzhou case. It seems however that they learned nothing from the earlier Garratt case in terms of hostage diplomacy of Canadian citizens by Chinese authorities which directly involved Chinese-Korean relations. It should be noted that Kovrig was an expert of the Korean Peninsula while Spavor was a businessman in North Korea.
To support his view the author quotes from his April 03, 2019 paper called "The absurdity of the Liberal Government's China Policy and Strategy as it pertains to Canola". One needs to put the present into perspective by examining the past. On June 28, 2014, SU Bin--who was a permanent resident of Canada--was arrested for cyberespionage against Amercian military contractors with the theft of hundreds of thousands of files. Kevin Garratt who is a Canadian was arrested in China on August 4, 2014 in a tit-for-tat response and later charged with espionage. There was no foundation for the charges against Garratt. One might even call them absurd. Garratt didn't report to CSIS, but rather to God. He was held as a bargaining chip.
More fundamentally, though, Canadian authorities have not understood the phenomenon of "hostage diplomacy" as it has been applied internally and domestically in China. For example, the author is aware of a personal story of a Renmin University student at Tiananmen Square in 1989. He was one of the 1,000,000 students who were involved in the demonstration known as the June 4 Fourth Incident in China (六四事件). The national movement was called the 89 Democracy Movement (八九民运). The student caught the attention of Chinese authorities who limited his influence by stealing his sandals. As a result, he had to visit the infirmary of the hospital to get treatment for his blistered feet. They wanted to detain him on the second floor, but he climbed down the outside of the building to secure his freedom. The police couldn't find him; so, they arrested his father at his village thousands of miles away in the countryside. This forced the student to give himself up to police. The above example is a domestic case of hostage diplomacy. His father had nothing to do with his son's behavior; but, nevertheless, he was arrested so that they could target his son.
There was an instance of hostage diplomacy in the May 27, 2003 arrest of Sun Dawu (孙大午). The government's main target was Sun Dawu both because of his public statements at Beijing universities and because of his application of innovative financing in the grey area which competed against monopolistic banking concerns. Basically, authorities arrested his two brothers as hostages to bend Sun Dawu's will. Furthermore, they tried to arrest his wife, but she escaped in the trunk of a car.
A similar kind of situation transpired on November 11, 2020. Again, the target was Sun Dawu. This time all his family was arrested who were involved in the private, family business called Dawu Group making his grandchildren legal orphans. His lawyers continue to have concerns about the threat of gang charges being levied which could mean the legal seizure of his business. Virtual extortion may go hand-in-hand with virtual kidnapping.
Let's also not forget possible charges involving "foreign forces" which were first expressed around Tomb Sweeping Day on April 4, 2021. This charge might actually involve the author. Imagine, a poet as a foreign force! All the poet can say to the charge is "Vergiß die alten Freunde nicht" from the title of a poem by Leonard Cohen.
It is of significance that Sun Dawu's wife Liu Huiru and daughters-in-law Zhang Yuan and Ma Xiaochen were charged with “illegally absorbing deposits from the public” in a separate case. The defence argues the following. "The case was returned by the Gaobeidian People’s Prosecutorate to Gaobeidian Public Security Bureau for supplementary investigation. That’s the only charge against these women, and their so-called “criminal offense” involves nothing but providing personal bank accounts to Dawu Group, which is not a crime at all. What the Gaobeidian Prosecutorate is doing is holding these women as de facto “hostages” as a way to dismiss the defense lawyers’ motion against bringing separate charges against them." 1.
The Dawu Group was actually founded by Sun Dawu's wife. The year was 1985. It grew from a few chickens and pigs to an agricultural enterprise. However, the enterprise suffered a devastating blow some eighteen years later when its management led by Sun Dawu and his two brothers were arrested in 2003 on charges of illegal fund-raising.
It is commonly known that Sun Dawu was released on October 30, 2003 when he returned home at the time of his father's birthday (Sun Kai). However, what has been forgotten is that his probation formally began on November 11, 2003 when he dropped his appeal to the charges of illegal fundraising.
November 11th therefore takes on special meaning because that was the anniversary of the day on which Sun Dawu and his family were arrested in a massive sweep of Dawu Group. The date is informally known as 被捕11112020. It is no coincidence that Sun Dawu was arrested on November 11, 2020 or the anniversary to the day on which his probation began on November 11,2003. It is a political statement which is intended to convey that Sun Dawu learned nothing with respect to illegal fund-raising as well as the other charges. Nothing could be further from the truth; for example, he designed the Private Entrepreneurial Constitutional System in 2004.
The sentence of Sun Dawu was announced on July 28, 2021 or in the eighteenth year since his arrest in 2003. How many years did Sun Dawu get on the various charges? The length of the sentence appears to have been politically predetermined in advance. He received 18 years or, unofficially, one year for every year since his probation began after the trial in 2003. Sun Fushuo (孙福硕), Sun Dawu's younger son, said it plainly during the trial: “We all know that, no matter how outstanding the lawyers who defended us are, it will not change the rulings against us.” 2. which suggested a kind of pre-determination with regard to both verdicts and sentences.
If prosecutors unofficially lumped together sentences on eight charges to meet a predetermined length in Sun Dawu's case then it potentially jeopardizes the rights of appeal for Sun Dawu. The eighteen year periods from 1985 to 2003, 2003 to 2021 and 2021 to 2039 may be called Triple Unhappiness (三重不幸). It is shared by farmers, peasants and migrants.
D. Carlton Rossi
2021年8月13日
1. https://chinachange.org/2021/07/17/briefing-on-the-first-day-of-dawu-trial/
2. https://chinachange.org/2021/08/01/briefing-on-the-eleventh-day-of-dawu-trial-10-questions-and-10-answers/
Nomad 2002
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Nomad MK-15c Tan Ru Stardate 3541.9
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谭茹的使命是消毒生命
Tan Ru's Mission is to Sterilize Life
It is difficult to say anything new about the old, original Star Trek (星际迷航) series because the viewpoints of Trekkies have become canonical. Yet, it may be worthwhile to re-examine an episode of the series called The Changeling (变形金刚) which aired on September 29, 1967. That date happens to be close to the 2518th Anniversary of the Birth of Confucius (孔子) on September 28th. While the series purports to be science fiction; nevertheless, it may reflect more of what was going on in the present at that time.
On the macro scale, the United States was involved in a proxy war with China and Russia in Vietnam; so, it might be regarded as a conflict between democratic and communistic systems or more simply as powers wishing to extend their influence through imperialism. In China, the Cultural Revolution (文化大革命) had begun which was designed by Mao to replace the four olds (which didn't include Mao himself) with a new order of Communism. It was based on Mao Thought (毛泽东思想) of which Xi Thought (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想), today, bears an uncanny resemblance which is not coincidental. Thought is not theory which can be proven scientifically as correct or incorrect as in Deng Theory (邓小平理论), but has more nebulous characteristics (模糊特征) with various interpretations and is of a purported higher order.
An event was presaged by the People's Daily editorial on June 1, 1966 about the Four Olds (四旧). It was fulfilled through one of the notable occurences in 1966 during the Cultural Revolution beginning on November 07th which involved the activities of the young Red Guards (红卫兵) led by Tan Houlan (谭厚兰).
The campaign was called "Annihilate the Kong Family Business" (消灭孔氏家族企业). In the offensive the Guards dug up and dynamited corpses of the family of Confucius and set them on fire. They also unburied and burned 100,000 Confucian texts.
It was part of an offensive against the so-called capitalist-roaders (走资派). Deng Xiaoping (邓小平) was regarded as one of the capitalist-roaders. He was attacked verbally and physically by the Red Guards. 15 Of course, after the Gang of Four (四人帮) who were charged with treason, Deng Xiaoping led China through a series of far-reaching economic, market reforms. Today, the pendulum has swung away from reform or should one stress that the pendulum has been sharpened?
On the macro scale, the United States was involved in a proxy war with China and Russia in Vietnam; so, it might be regarded as a conflict between democratic and communistic systems or more simply as powers wishing to extend their influence through imperialism. In China, the Cultural Revolution (文化大革命) had begun which was designed by Mao to replace the four olds (which didn't include Mao himself) with a new order of Communism. It was based on Mao Thought (毛泽东思想) of which Xi Thought (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想), today, bears an uncanny resemblance which is not coincidental. Thought is not theory which can be proven scientifically as correct or incorrect as in Deng Theory (邓小平理论), but has more nebulous characteristics (模糊特征) with various interpretations and is of a purported higher order.
An event was presaged by the People's Daily editorial on June 1, 1966 about the Four Olds (四旧). It was fulfilled through one of the notable occurences in 1966 during the Cultural Revolution beginning on November 07th which involved the activities of the young Red Guards (红卫兵) led by Tan Houlan (谭厚兰).
The campaign was called "Annihilate the Kong Family Business" (消灭孔氏家族企业). In the offensive the Guards dug up and dynamited corpses of the family of Confucius and set them on fire. They also unburied and burned 100,000 Confucian texts.
It was part of an offensive against the so-called capitalist-roaders (走资派). Deng Xiaoping (邓小平) was regarded as one of the capitalist-roaders. He was attacked verbally and physically by the Red Guards. 15 Of course, after the Gang of Four (四人帮) who were charged with treason, Deng Xiaoping led China through a series of far-reaching economic, market reforms. Today, the pendulum has swung away from reform or should one stress that the pendulum has been sharpened?
Red Guard Rampage at Kong Family Cemetary led by Tan Houlan
It was basically an assault on "rule of law" (法律规定), the family, Ruism (儒) or Confucianism itself . However, one can't easily destroy traditions going back thousands of years which are the essence of what it means to be Chinese by a single act of madness or through symbolic gestures. Communism has little to do with tradition or what it means to be Chinese, but more to do with "The business of revolution" (革命事业) to quote Sang Ye and Geremie R. Barmé 6.
The campaign to dig up Confucian texts and the bones of the first three generations and the last three generations of Confucius' family and set them on fire reminds the author in an inverse way of instructions given by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) or first emperor of the Qin Dynasty which was one of the most short-lived and brutal dynasties. He ordered Confucian scholars to be buried and their books burned. One might say that Qin represented "rule by law" (依法治国). He may have been the first practitioner of "Tough Thought" (强硬想法) 16 on a grand scale or at least has historically inspired it even if there is a pretense by modern acolytes to ignore, cherry pick or reinterpret history.
The basic plot of The Changeling is improbable bordering on impossible, but remember it is set in the future (star date 3541.9 to be exact). An interstellar probe is launched from Earth in 2002. It is called Nomad (游牧民族). Its mission is to explore for life forms. It collides with a meteor and is damaged. Eventually, it meets an alien probe which is designed to sterilize soil as a prelude to colonization. Nomad repairs itself with help from the other probe, but its mission is skewed.
As Tan Ru 9 its goal is now to sterilize life. It begins by sterilizing 4 billion inhabitants of the Malurian system. This number roughly corresponds to the whole population of Earth which in 1967 numbered 3,478,770,104. It then proceeds to the planet of its creator or Earth where it intends to sterilize the population. In this sense, the episode is apocalyptic.
If one wishes to interpret the clash of systems representing both life and sterilization as it pertains only to China then one may begin one's examination with The Great Leap Forward 大跃进 (1958-1962). It was the clash between the old feudal system and the establishment of a new, Communist industrial system through people's communes. However, the unexpected consequence of a new wind of communism with the meteoric rise of Mao was the death of over 40 million Chinese in a man-made famine. It is comparable to a freak accident of a probe hit by a meteor. The probe repairs itself with the help of an alien probe, but its mission changes to sterilization of life.
Sun Dawu (孙大午) was born in 1954 in the village of Langwuzhuang. It was just before The Great Leap Forward. As a youngster he had no food to eat. He was forced to eat grass to survive. He estimates that millions more were killed in The Great Famine 大饥荒 (1958-1962) than have been officially reported.
To enforce the unrealistic quotas which were never met, First Party Secretary Zhang Guozhong ran a labour camp. It held 1.5% of the population from farmers to Party officials who offered resistance. Punishment included flogging and naked exposure to the winter elements. As a result, 124 people did die. "Outside the camp some 7,000 people were tied up, beaten, spat upon, paraded, forced to kneel or deprived of food, resulting in another 212 deaths." 18
The campaign to dig up Confucian texts and the bones of the first three generations and the last three generations of Confucius' family and set them on fire reminds the author in an inverse way of instructions given by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) or first emperor of the Qin Dynasty which was one of the most short-lived and brutal dynasties. He ordered Confucian scholars to be buried and their books burned. One might say that Qin represented "rule by law" (依法治国). He may have been the first practitioner of "Tough Thought" (强硬想法) 16 on a grand scale or at least has historically inspired it even if there is a pretense by modern acolytes to ignore, cherry pick or reinterpret history.
The basic plot of The Changeling is improbable bordering on impossible, but remember it is set in the future (star date 3541.9 to be exact). An interstellar probe is launched from Earth in 2002. It is called Nomad (游牧民族). Its mission is to explore for life forms. It collides with a meteor and is damaged. Eventually, it meets an alien probe which is designed to sterilize soil as a prelude to colonization. Nomad repairs itself with help from the other probe, but its mission is skewed.
As Tan Ru 9 its goal is now to sterilize life. It begins by sterilizing 4 billion inhabitants of the Malurian system. This number roughly corresponds to the whole population of Earth which in 1967 numbered 3,478,770,104. It then proceeds to the planet of its creator or Earth where it intends to sterilize the population. In this sense, the episode is apocalyptic.
If one wishes to interpret the clash of systems representing both life and sterilization as it pertains only to China then one may begin one's examination with The Great Leap Forward 大跃进 (1958-1962). It was the clash between the old feudal system and the establishment of a new, Communist industrial system through people's communes. However, the unexpected consequence of a new wind of communism with the meteoric rise of Mao was the death of over 40 million Chinese in a man-made famine. It is comparable to a freak accident of a probe hit by a meteor. The probe repairs itself with the help of an alien probe, but its mission changes to sterilization of life.
Sun Dawu (孙大午) was born in 1954 in the village of Langwuzhuang. It was just before The Great Leap Forward. As a youngster he had no food to eat. He was forced to eat grass to survive. He estimates that millions more were killed in The Great Famine 大饥荒 (1958-1962) than have been officially reported.
To enforce the unrealistic quotas which were never met, First Party Secretary Zhang Guozhong ran a labour camp. It held 1.5% of the population from farmers to Party officials who offered resistance. Punishment included flogging and naked exposure to the winter elements. As a result, 124 people did die. "Outside the camp some 7,000 people were tied up, beaten, spat upon, paraded, forced to kneel or deprived of food, resulting in another 212 deaths." 18
"A little over an hour's drive from Beijing via the new highway, Xushui (徐水) was a star county of the Great Leap Forward at the end of the 1950's. Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi both toured Xushui and promoted the community nationwide. It is where the fantasy started that a single mu of land could produce 10,000 catties of wheat (亩产万斤). Upon learning that there was so much food it couldn't be eaten Mao told the members of the people's communes to eat five meals a day. The tragedy that transpired following The Great Leap Forward is well known
to history." 2
Chairman Mao visits Xushui in 1958
The people's commune of Xushui (徐水) in 1958 set the national standard with Mao's visit for two reasons. On hearing of the projected, unrealistic harvests that were expected in the autumn, Mao recommended the following. 'Plant a little less and do half a day's work. Use the other half for culture: study science, promote culture and recreation, run a college and middle school.' 4 It meant nothing to starving people. Do you know that no one officially starved in China as they were listed as dying of other causes and imaginary diseases?
Furthermore, the institution of the family was destroyed in the People's Commune of Xushui. The first separation of men and women into different living quarters took place in Xushui in 1958. The practice of separation spread to Henan, Hunan and Anhui. It was said through propaganda that the dearest persons in the world are our parents, but they cannot compare to Chairman Mao and the Communist Party. 1
"During the Great Leap Forward in 1958, Xushui became a model county for state collectivizing measures. The Xushui experiment in Communism was one of the most revolutionary, ludicrous, and tragic experiments in the history of China, as Chinese scholars now recognize. Mao visited communes in Dingxian and Xushui. Just southeast of Xushui county-town, Dasigezhuang village was renamed the 4th August brigade. But when Zhou Enlai (周恩来) visited he was shocked to see the destitution that communization was bringing, and Xushui's favoured status did nothing to prevent many starving to death there around 1960." 4
Furthermore, the institution of the family was destroyed in the People's Commune of Xushui. The first separation of men and women into different living quarters took place in Xushui in 1958. The practice of separation spread to Henan, Hunan and Anhui. It was said through propaganda that the dearest persons in the world are our parents, but they cannot compare to Chairman Mao and the Communist Party. 1
"During the Great Leap Forward in 1958, Xushui became a model county for state collectivizing measures. The Xushui experiment in Communism was one of the most revolutionary, ludicrous, and tragic experiments in the history of China, as Chinese scholars now recognize. Mao visited communes in Dingxian and Xushui. Just southeast of Xushui county-town, Dasigezhuang village was renamed the 4th August brigade. But when Zhou Enlai (周恩来) visited he was shocked to see the destitution that communization was bringing, and Xushui's favoured status did nothing to prevent many starving to death there around 1960." 4
The Great Famine threatened to undermine Mao's power so the Cultural Revolution ensued from 1966 to 1976. It represented the collapse of Chinese civilization. New targets of resistance classified as enemies were found. One of these targets of a new apocalypse was the family. For example, young Red Guards were encouraged to "turn in" members of their family who deviated from Mao Thought.
On November 07, 1966. Red Guards under the leadership of Tan Houlan (谭厚兰) dug up and dynamited the graves of the first three and last three generations of the Kong family (Confucius). On November 29, 1966, a telegram was sent to Chairman Mao. It read as follows:
“Dearest Chairman Mao,
One hundred thousand members of the revolutionary masses would like to report a thrilling development to you: we have rebelled! We have rebelled! We have dragged out the clay statue of Kong the Second Son (Kong lao’er 孔老二); we have torn down the plaque extolling the ‘teacher of ten-thousand generations’; we have leveled Confucius’ grave; we have smashed the stelae extolling the virtues of the feudal emperors and kings, and we have obliterated the statues in the Confucius Temple! 6
With reference to The Changling one may also refer to geometry. Imagine two equilateral triangles in the sci-fi episode which are fairly balanced. They correspond to the two probes representing life and sterilization. Then, an unexpected happening transpires which distorts the balance and harmony of sine, co-sine and tangent. It is tangent then that rules or what is called Tan Ru in The Changeling episode. The new triangle is no longer equilateral. It corresponds to illogic or Mao Thought gone askew without checks and balances during The Great Leap Forward and The Cultural Revolution. It is personified by the zealot Tan Houlan during the latter revolution.
On November 07, 1966. Red Guards under the leadership of Tan Houlan (谭厚兰) dug up and dynamited the graves of the first three and last three generations of the Kong family (Confucius). On November 29, 1966, a telegram was sent to Chairman Mao. It read as follows:
“Dearest Chairman Mao,
One hundred thousand members of the revolutionary masses would like to report a thrilling development to you: we have rebelled! We have rebelled! We have dragged out the clay statue of Kong the Second Son (Kong lao’er 孔老二); we have torn down the plaque extolling the ‘teacher of ten-thousand generations’; we have leveled Confucius’ grave; we have smashed the stelae extolling the virtues of the feudal emperors and kings, and we have obliterated the statues in the Confucius Temple! 6
With reference to The Changling one may also refer to geometry. Imagine two equilateral triangles in the sci-fi episode which are fairly balanced. They correspond to the two probes representing life and sterilization. Then, an unexpected happening transpires which distorts the balance and harmony of sine, co-sine and tangent. It is tangent then that rules or what is called Tan Ru in The Changeling episode. The new triangle is no longer equilateral. It corresponds to illogic or Mao Thought gone askew without checks and balances during The Great Leap Forward and The Cultural Revolution. It is personified by the zealot Tan Houlan during the latter revolution.
Dawu City is NNW of Xushui
A "farm" whose generic name is used herein was created as an organ of the state in 1958 at the beginning of The Great Leap Forward. In theory, it was created in order to use unplanted land and wasteland in the surrounding villages. However, [in 1963] the "farm" also requisitioned large amounts of land from surrounding villages such as Dingzhuang Village, Langwuzhuang Village, Mazhuang Village, and Zhaizhuang Village." 3 The implication was that if it wasn't accepted then one didn't eat.
The farm's new mission wasn't to sterilize wasteland for productive usage, but rather it adopted a mission which is metaphorically similar to The Changeling. The farm sterilized life in the villages. Life left. The "farm" is the metaphorical equivalent of Tan Ru or Tangent Rules which sterilizes life. Tan Ru is shaped like a drill and it drills out life with a laser or photon torpedo. It wishes to sterilize the King Fisher (翠鸟) who as head of Dawu Group brings fertility to the Waste Land (荒地). 19, 20
The farm's new mission wasn't to sterilize wasteland for productive usage, but rather it adopted a mission which is metaphorically similar to The Changeling. The farm sterilized life in the villages. Life left. The "farm" is the metaphorical equivalent of Tan Ru or Tangent Rules which sterilizes life. Tan Ru is shaped like a drill and it drills out life with a laser or photon torpedo. It wishes to sterilize the King Fisher (翠鸟) who as head of Dawu Group brings fertility to the Waste Land (荒地). 19, 20
孙大午和妻子刘会茹当年创业时的合影
In 1985--not 1958, it was the Dawu Group which formed an agricultural enterprise on wasteland by leasing it. The more successful it became the more irritating it was to the "farm". Sun Dawu states the problem succinctly. "The farm does not have a dominant position in the market economy, it does not have the qualifications to cooperate with me, and the two sides have no basis for equal cooperation, because the farm itself has no ownership, and it manages the land for the country, but the background is different. It is vacant, and there is no real unit that bears economic responsibilities, and no investors. The Bureau of Agriculture is only responsible for policy guidance, regardless of the farm’s business activities." 3
In 2010, the newly built Rongwu Expressway reignited the dispute between the "farm" and Dawu Group. Even though Dawu Group leased the land, it could only be compensated for ground attachments. This meant major compensation went to the "farm". 12
In 2010, the newly built Rongwu Expressway reignited the dispute between the "farm" and Dawu Group. Even though Dawu Group leased the land, it could only be compensated for ground attachments. This meant major compensation went to the "farm". 12
More recently, the Dawu Group encountered major problems with its Dawu Kangyang Nursing Home Project. It was approved by the district chiefs and had support from the Xushui District Land Bureau. However,on July 25, 2018 the decision was reversed. It was declared the buildings were built without approval and the land was illegally occupied. At the request of The Xushui District Government and Land Bureau, the Group paid a fine of 4,151,250 yuan. In addition, the 77,000 square meter project was confiscated and Sun Dawu threatened with arrest. 21 If the project received approval from the local government then how did it all of a sudden become illegal according to Sun Dawu?
The Great Noon Triangle comprised of Xushui City, Dawu City, Fushan and Baoding City Satellite
Dawu City is seven kilometers northwest of Xushui City. One might imagine it forming a small, equilateral triangle (等边三角形) of Xushui City, Dawu City, Fushan and Baoding City. Fushan is included because Sun Dawu is guardian of the mountain where Huangdi united the tribes over five thousand years ago. In addition, remnants of religious enclosures can be found at Fushan. The Sun Temple Park at Dawu City with its Confucian and Buddhist temples is the spiritual center of the region.
Sharing one side of the equilateral triangle which might be referred to as The Great Noon Triangle (大正午三角) is one side of what might be referred to as a non-equilateral Great Xiong'an Triangle (雄安新三角) whose center is Xiong'an New Area (雄安新区). Xiong'an New Area is expected to grow exponentially. It is the artificial intelligence, 5G, I of T center of The Great Xiong'an Triangle. The programs and programmers of the area reflect Xi Thought; whereas, Dawu City serves people personifying Sun's heart.
Both triangles are within the bigger area called Jing-Jin-Ji (雄安新三角) or Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei (known as Ji). It can also be said that a large piece of Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ) may be found within an imagined non-equilateral triangle of Beijing, Tianjin and Baoding.
The centerpiece or hub of the JJJ megalopolis is Xiong'an New Area. It was founded on April 1, 2017. It's about 40 kilometres east of Xushui City. It seems that Jing-Jin-Ji rings in a poetic way with President Xi Jinping's name and furthermore that the Xiong'an hub of Jing-Jin-Ji represents his legacy.
During the Northern Song Dynasty 北宋 (960-1127), the area was a Watery Great Wall. In the Sixth Lunar Month of 1048, the Yellow River flooded 13 and more floods followed. However, in 1128, General Du Chong intentionally broke the bank of the river thereby provoking a flood in order to halt the Jurchen invasion. The waterlogged swamps were not deep enough for boats, but not shallow enough for soldiers to walk through. The swamp stretched nearly 500 kilometers. As a result, fertile farmland was lost and replaced by salinized, sand- covered land. The peasant-farmers left.
A thousand years later the state is draining the swamps in order to build a modern hub of the future. While peasants have returned to make claim on their property the legacy is "soil salinization, water toxicity and poverty". Why are farmers poor and why do they have little to eat? The answer is that the state plans for them and plans for them badly.
The "farm" and land bureau have disturbed the harmony between The Great Noon Triangle and Great Xiong'an Triangle. It has disrupted the balance between Dawu Village founded in 1985 to become a city and Xiong'an New Area founded in 2017 to become a hub. If Dawu Group (大午集团) as a large, self-sufficient agricultural enterprise is metaphorically sterilized then who will provide food for programmers in the self-sufficient, Xiong'an New Area with its sandy, salinized soil? There is friction brought about, too, along the Xushui-Baoding common line of the triangles or between heart and thought.
In Dawu's view, the "farm" is like a "freak" (怪物) 3. Its business activities have nothing to do with its superiors, its profits and losses have nothing to do with its superiors, and the amount of money it makes is not handed over to the state or the government. However, the superiors will still provide various compensations to the "farm" according to the agricultural land. In other words, as a result of a freak accident in The Great Leap Forward, the "farm" has itself become like a "freak" where Tangent and illogical arbitrariness rule.
The centerpiece or hub of the JJJ megalopolis is Xiong'an New Area. It was founded on April 1, 2017. It's about 40 kilometres east of Xushui City. It seems that Jing-Jin-Ji rings in a poetic way with President Xi Jinping's name and furthermore that the Xiong'an hub of Jing-Jin-Ji represents his legacy.
During the Northern Song Dynasty 北宋 (960-1127), the area was a Watery Great Wall. In the Sixth Lunar Month of 1048, the Yellow River flooded 13 and more floods followed. However, in 1128, General Du Chong intentionally broke the bank of the river thereby provoking a flood in order to halt the Jurchen invasion. The waterlogged swamps were not deep enough for boats, but not shallow enough for soldiers to walk through. The swamp stretched nearly 500 kilometers. As a result, fertile farmland was lost and replaced by salinized, sand- covered land. The peasant-farmers left.
A thousand years later the state is draining the swamps in order to build a modern hub of the future. While peasants have returned to make claim on their property the legacy is "soil salinization, water toxicity and poverty". Why are farmers poor and why do they have little to eat? The answer is that the state plans for them and plans for them badly.
The "farm" and land bureau have disturbed the harmony between The Great Noon Triangle and Great Xiong'an Triangle. It has disrupted the balance between Dawu Village founded in 1985 to become a city and Xiong'an New Area founded in 2017 to become a hub. If Dawu Group (大午集团) as a large, self-sufficient agricultural enterprise is metaphorically sterilized then who will provide food for programmers in the self-sufficient, Xiong'an New Area with its sandy, salinized soil? There is friction brought about, too, along the Xushui-Baoding common line of the triangles or between heart and thought.
In Dawu's view, the "farm" is like a "freak" (怪物) 3. Its business activities have nothing to do with its superiors, its profits and losses have nothing to do with its superiors, and the amount of money it makes is not handed over to the state or the government. However, the superiors will still provide various compensations to the "farm" according to the agricultural land. In other words, as a result of a freak accident in The Great Leap Forward, the "farm" has itself become like a "freak" where Tangent and illogical arbitrariness rule.
Dawu Group has made it explicitly clear in writing that it does not give bribes nor accept bribes or red packets. It has been trusted by the local peasant population since its inception in 1985. The Group established a co-operative-grain bank which has had the confidence of farmers since at least 2003 if not earlier. Its medical system is free and is not plagued with bribery as it is throughout China. The Group puts people ahead of profits. Anyone who claims the Dawu Group is corrupt has corrupted the definition of corruption. Therefore, it is abundantly evident that charges brought against executives of Dawu Group for corruption have no basis in truth. They are infamous confabulations.
Dawu Group represents life and growth in the Xushui area. It reclaims the waste land. Sun Dawu represents the Kingfisher (翠鸟) 19,20 bringing fertility (生育能力). On the other hand, the "farm" is sterile (无菌的) and metaphorically sterilizes its people as a Changeling. As a result, the peasant-farmers live in poverty or have moved away to poverty. Life is sterilized.
Dawu Group represents life and growth in the Xushui area. It reclaims the waste land. Sun Dawu represents the Kingfisher (翠鸟) 19,20 bringing fertility (生育能力). On the other hand, the "farm" is sterile (无菌的) and metaphorically sterilizes its people as a Changeling. As a result, the peasant-farmers live in poverty or have moved away to poverty. Life is sterilized.
大午集团孙大午大 8.4事件
The clashes of “6.21事件”和“8.4事件 were not provoked ( 没有被激怒)) by Dawu Group, but by the "farm". It is the metaphorical equivalent of Tan Ru firing 90 photon torpedoes (光子鱼雷) at the starship Enterprise (星舰企业). The campaign to annihilate the private enterprise of Dawu Group in 2020-21 (which is run on Confucian principles stressing the importance of the family along with its ancestors) is equivalent to the campaign to "Annihilate the Kong Family Business" (消灭孔氏家族企业) in 1966. The new campaign might be called an attempt to "Annihilate the Sun Family Business" (歼灭太阳家族企业) as part of Cultural Revolution 2.0. It can be expressed by lyrics from the 1965 single called "Paint It Black" (把它涂黑) by the Rolling Stones (滚石).
"I wanna see it painted, painted black
Black as night, black as coal
I wanna see the sun blotted out from the sky
I wanna see it painted, painted, painted, painted black.
“我想看到它被涂成黑色，涂成黑色
黑如夜，黑如煤
我想看到太阳从天空中消失
我想看它涂漆，涂漆，涂漆，涂黑。
D. Carlton Rossi
2021 年 7 月 10 日
July 10, 2021
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References
1. Becker, Jasper, An Overview of the Famine, 1996.
http://www.geocities.ws/films4/anoverviewofthefamine.htm
2. Cao Yaxue, Sun Dawu: A Chinese Agricultural Entrepreneur's 36 year dream in the era of reform and opening up, part one, March 30, 2021
http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/scholarship.php?searchterm=020_confucius.inc&issue=020
3. 中国经营报：孙大午的新困惑：国营农场为何物？
China Business News: Sun Dawu’s new puzzle: What is a state-owned farm? 2010-10-25
在孙大午看来，国营农场就像一个“怪胎”：它的经营活动与上级无关，盈亏与上级也没关系，赚多少钱也不上交国家，也不给政府交。可是上级仍然会按照农用地给予农场各种补偿（原来的情况是农民纳农业税，农场也纳农业税；现在农民享受每亩80多元的补贴，农场也享受），农场在市场经济中经营生产、盈亏自负，看不出和“国家”有什么关系。
http://sundawu1.blog.sohu.com/161530405.html (censored)
4. Jones, Stephen, Xushui Ritual
https://stephenjones.blog/xushui-ritual/#_ftn2
5. Kong Lin During the Cultural Revolution
https://dongren.fr/kong-lin-during-the-cultural-revolution/
6. Sang Ye and Geremie R. Barmé, The Fate of the Confucius Temple, the Kong Mansion and Kong Cemetery 孔庙、孔府、孔林
http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/scholarship.php?searchterm=020_confucius.inc&issue=020
7. Pickowicz, Friedman, and Selden, Chinese village, socialist state, pp.217–20; Dikötter, Mao’s great famine, pp.40, 47–9, 68–70, 290.
8. Ping Xin 辛平, “Menghuan de tiantang: Xushui "gongchan zhuyi’ shidian ji” 梦幻的天堂: 徐水”共产主义” 试点记 [Illusory paradise: record of the experimental site for “Communism” in Xushui], Yanhuang chunqiu 1994/1, pp.29–40.
9. Tan Ru
https://www.tor.com/2015/12/15/star-trek-the-original-series-rewatch-the-changeling/
10. The Great Cultural Revolution 文化大革命
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution
11. The Great Leap Forward 大跃进
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward
12. 吴丹红, 孙大午因何被抓？与国营农场土地纠纷浮出水面, November 15, 2020
https://money.163.com/20/1115/18/FRGCB76N002580S6.html
13. Zhang Ling, Changing with the Yellow River: An Environmental History of Hebei, 1048-1128, Newcastle University,
https://www.academia.edu/6168887/Changing_with_the_Yellow_River_An_Environmental_History_of_Hebei_1048_1128
14. Zhang Ling, Xiong'an New Area: One locale, two histories, a thousand years apart
https://chinadialogue.net/en/cities/10508-xiong-an-new-area-one-locale-two-histories-a-thousand-years-apart/
15. Red Guards
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Guardshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Guards
16. 邓小平理论 Tough Thought, Tough used as an adjective in English means strong or resilient, so in Chinese it means tough, strong or unyielding
© D. Carlton Rossi, https://www.sundawu.net
17 吴丹红 孙大午因何被抓？与国营农场土地纠纷浮出水面 2020-11-15
Wu Danhong, Why was Sun Dawu arrested? Land disputes with state farms surfaced November 15, 2020
https://money.163.com/20/1115/18/FRGCB76N002580S6.html
18. Jun, Xiao, Through the Valley of Death: 9 Warning Signs, Part II
https://erenow.net/modern/maos-great-famine-the-history-of-chinas-most-devastating-catastrophe-1958-62/11.php
19. T. S. Eliot reads: The Waste Land
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CqvhMeZ2PlY
20. Frazer. J. G., The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion, 12 Volumes, New York, Macmillan and Company: 1894.
Volume 4, The Golden Bough: The Dying God
https://ia800206.us.archive.org/29/items/goldenboughstudy04fraz/goldenboughstudy04fraz.pdfia800206.us.archive.org/29/items/goldenboughstudy04fraz/goldenboughstudy04fraz.pdf
21. 大午：民在违法，官在犯罪，路在何方？！
The People are Breaking the Laws, The Government Officials are Committing Crimes, Where’s the Exit?
By Sun Dawu (Chairman of Supervisory Board of Hebei Dawu Group, China)
https://www.hrichina.org/chs/zhong-guo-ren-quan-shuang-zhou-kan/sun-da-wu-min-zai-wei-fa-guan-zai-fan-zui-lu-zai-he-fang
22. 孙大午：我这十年, 请看博讯热点：民企的困扰 (博讯北京时间2013年10月13日 转载)
孙大午曾经感叹，最近提到重庆的事情，大家还心有余悸，说害怕“文革”回头，确实如此，我今年59岁了，经历了“文革”，也经历了改革开放三十多年的过程，一直以来，我们的社会何时摆脱过“文革”的阴影呢？
Sun Dawu once sighed that at the recent mention of Chongqing’s affairs, everyone still has lingering fears, saying that they are afraid of the "Cultural Revolution" to turn around. It is true. I am 59 years old this year. Since then, when has our society escaped the shadow of the "Cultural Revolution"?
https://www.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2013/10/201310131940.shtml
Has the Past Passed?
I was trapped at the railway station in Guangzhou. There were wall-to-wall people. It seemed like I had been sent to the underworld for past transgressions--it was so crowded. Yet, it was not a dream. It was real. A late snowstorm had frozen all traffic in southern China. They say a million people wanted to leave Guangzhou by train, but were stuck there because of the snow.
It felt like a relief to board a K train and remain standing for another 20 hours until I reached my destination at Hangzhou North Railway Station. Of course, the train was packed, too, but this was only purgatory. I had some hope of redemption. Finally, I arrived at a hostel across from West Lake.
After 3 hours sleep I visited the famous lake. It was like Heaven. I say this for two reasons. Snow is rare in Hangzhou at that time of year, so I got some great pictures. Secondly, I was almost alone at the lake. There should have been walk-to-walk tourists crowding the banks, but there were only a few professional photographers for the unique occasion. For me, Heaven has beautiful scenery and few souls.
The reader might think therefore that the poet would be uncomfortable in Hangzhou of the Late Southern Song Dynasty. Its population exceeded one million persons in 1275. However, you'd be mistaken. It was the most advanced, prosperous and refined city of its time. It lacked nothing and had everything. To be honest with myself, though, the poet would like to live in the countryside in proximity to the city.
Most importantly, it had the Westlake Poetry Club and visiting poets. The poet Zhu Dunru (朱敦儒) had sung more than a hundred years before about its beauty in praise to the new court of Emperor Gaozong.
Nowadays the true environment around West Lake is the revitalization of sagely rulership.
One only needs to listen to the music and watch the dancing; the fragrances linger, and deep cups are filled with wine.
Celebrating the good years and the peace that pervades the country is the best part.
The capital must have seemed like perfect Heaven. However, the prosperity of the capital of the Southern Song was illusory. The dynasty was ready to collapse. Behind the illusion was "the continuous and tragic impoverishment of the State, destitution and disaffection in the countryside, and the struggle of factions in the ruling class." (pg. 16)
Basically, the State controlled the entire economy. It did so through monopolies of necessary commodities like salt, liquor and tea. Furthermore. it controlled the transportation associated with these commodities. Another powerful monopoly was the issuance of currency.
One can say that the wealthy and upper classes in the city consumed while the countryside produced. Poverty forced peasants into the city which swelled the population. To put it succintly there was a shortage of capital and a surfeit of labour which resulted in low wages.
The underlying principle of the administrative system was peace. (pgs. 106-107) The State realized that where there was disquietude then two sides were to blame. If a sub-prefect could not maintain the peace he was reprimanded through loss of promotion. The accused though was thrown into prison even if he was innocent because he had disturbed the peace of the region and that of the judge. He faced torture. As one can see the punishments were unequal for the sub-prefect and the accused. Widespread injustice was one cause for revolt in the countryside (along with famine and pestilence).
Many of the characteristics of the late Song Dynasty are present in modern China. For example, there are state-owned enterprises which act as monopolies, migration of farmers to the cities, poverty and injustice in the courts. It is hard to measure the exact weakness of the system because of lack of transparency.
The "temporary" capital at Hangzhou which was then known as Linan was over-run by the barbarian hordes on March 22, 1276. The Book of Sui (隋书) describes how the Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan sent an expedition in 1292 to the "Lesser Liuqiu" or Taiwan. This followed the invasions of Japan, Java, Vietnam, Champa and Sakhalin.
The modern State does not fear invasion of frontier peoples, but it is concerned about insurrection in Tibet, Xinjiang, the northeast and Hong Kong. It has shored up its defences in the frontier areas by quelling rebellion. It governs through rule by law or force.
In order to militarily prepare for unification of Taiwan and the mainland, the State has developed the Zhurihe Training Base (朱日和训练基地) in Inner Monogolia. The base covers 412 square miles. "The Tapei section is one of the most elaborate urban training areas. By itself, the re-creation of the Presidential Office Building, a structure that is some five-stories tall with six-story high corners and a large central tower nearly 200 feet tall, is likely the largest of its kind anywhere in the world."
Today, the totalitarian state tries to bury history. It is not so much concerned about the history of the Late Song Dynasty. It wants to erase recent history such as The Great Leap Forward where 45 million died in the man-made, Great Chinese Famine (三年大饥荒) which was followed by the horrors of The Cultural Revolution (文化大革命). The State doesn't want comparisons between The Cultural Revolution and Cultural Revolution 2.0, SARS and SARS-Cov-2, demonstrations at Tiananmen Square and in Hong Kong or Mao and Xi Thought as opposed to Deng Theory. However, the late Song Dynasty shows that prosperity and longevity can be an illusion as are shadows on the wall of a cave.
D. Carlton Rossi
2021年5月4日
Gernet, Jacques, Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion 1250-1276, Stanford University Press: Stanford, California, 1962.
https://thediplomat.com/2015/08/chinas-military-trains-for-taiwan-invasion-with-mock-ups/
Zhurihe combat training base: China's Military Trains for Taiwan Invasion With Mock-Ups, The Diplomat, Greg Austin, August 11, 2015
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Sui
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Song_China
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuqiu_(medieval)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Yuan_dynasty
I was trapped at the railway station in Guangzhou. There were wall-to-wall people. It seemed like I had been sent to the underworld for past transgressions--it was so crowded. Yet, it was not a dream. It was real. A late snowstorm had frozen all traffic in southern China. They say a million people wanted to leave Guangzhou by train, but were stuck there because of the snow.
It felt like a relief to board a K train and remain standing for another 20 hours until I reached my destination at Hangzhou North Railway Station. Of course, the train was packed, too, but this was only purgatory. I had some hope of redemption. Finally, I arrived at a hostel across from West Lake.
After 3 hours sleep I visited the famous lake. It was like Heaven. I say this for two reasons. Snow is rare in Hangzhou at that time of year, so I got some great pictures. Secondly, I was almost alone at the lake. There should have been walk-to-walk tourists crowding the banks, but there were only a few professional photographers for the unique occasion. For me, Heaven has beautiful scenery and few souls.
The reader might think therefore that the poet would be uncomfortable in Hangzhou of the Late Southern Song Dynasty. Its population exceeded one million persons in 1275. However, you'd be mistaken. It was the most advanced, prosperous and refined city of its time. It lacked nothing and had everything. To be honest with myself, though, the poet would like to live in the countryside in proximity to the city.
Most importantly, it had the Westlake Poetry Club and visiting poets. The poet Zhu Dunru (朱敦儒) had sung more than a hundred years before about its beauty in praise to the new court of Emperor Gaozong.
Nowadays the true environment around West Lake is the revitalization of sagely rulership.
One only needs to listen to the music and watch the dancing; the fragrances linger, and deep cups are filled with wine.
Celebrating the good years and the peace that pervades the country is the best part.
The capital must have seemed like perfect Heaven. However, the prosperity of the capital of the Southern Song was illusory. The dynasty was ready to collapse. Behind the illusion was "the continuous and tragic impoverishment of the State, destitution and disaffection in the countryside, and the struggle of factions in the ruling class." (pg. 16)
Basically, the State controlled the entire economy. It did so through monopolies of necessary commodities like salt, liquor and tea. Furthermore. it controlled the transportation associated with these commodities. Another powerful monopoly was the issuance of currency.
One can say that the wealthy and upper classes in the city consumed while the countryside produced. Poverty forced peasants into the city which swelled the population. To put it succintly there was a shortage of capital and a surfeit of labour which resulted in low wages.
The underlying principle of the administrative system was peace. (pgs. 106-107) The State realized that where there was disquietude then two sides were to blame. If a sub-prefect could not maintain the peace he was reprimanded through loss of promotion. The accused though was thrown into prison even if he was innocent because he had disturbed the peace of the region and that of the judge. He faced torture. As one can see the punishments were unequal for the sub-prefect and the accused. Widespread injustice was one cause for revolt in the countryside (along with famine and pestilence).
Many of the characteristics of the late Song Dynasty are present in modern China. For example, there are state-owned enterprises which act as monopolies, migration of farmers to the cities, poverty and injustice in the courts. It is hard to measure the exact weakness of the system because of lack of transparency.
The "temporary" capital at Hangzhou which was then known as Linan was over-run by the barbarian hordes on March 22, 1276. The Book of Sui (隋书) describes how the Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan sent an expedition in 1292 to the "Lesser Liuqiu" or Taiwan. This followed the invasions of Japan, Java, Vietnam, Champa and Sakhalin.
The modern State does not fear invasion of frontier peoples, but it is concerned about insurrection in Tibet, Xinjiang, the northeast and Hong Kong. It has shored up its defences in the frontier areas by quelling rebellion. It governs through rule by law or force.
In order to militarily prepare for unification of Taiwan and the mainland, the State has developed the Zhurihe Training Base (朱日和训练基地) in Inner Monogolia. The base covers 412 square miles. "The Tapei section is one of the most elaborate urban training areas. By itself, the re-creation of the Presidential Office Building, a structure that is some five-stories tall with six-story high corners and a large central tower nearly 200 feet tall, is likely the largest of its kind anywhere in the world."
Today, the totalitarian state tries to bury history. It is not so much concerned about the history of the Late Song Dynasty. It wants to erase recent history such as The Great Leap Forward where 45 million died in the man-made, Great Chinese Famine (三年大饥荒) which was followed by the horrors of The Cultural Revolution (文化大革命). The State doesn't want comparisons between The Cultural Revolution and Cultural Revolution 2.0, SARS and SARS-Cov-2, demonstrations at Tiananmen Square and in Hong Kong or Mao and Xi Thought as opposed to Deng Theory. However, the late Song Dynasty shows that prosperity and longevity can be an illusion as are shadows on the wall of a cave.
D. Carlton Rossi
2021年5月4日
Gernet, Jacques, Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion 1250-1276, Stanford University Press: Stanford, California, 1962.
https://thediplomat.com/2015/08/chinas-military-trains-for-taiwan-invasion-with-mock-ups/
Zhurihe combat training base: China's Military Trains for Taiwan Invasion With Mock-Ups, The Diplomat, Greg Austin, August 11, 2015
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Sui
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Song_China
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuqiu_(medieval)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Yuan_dynasty
Sun Dawu at trial on October 29, 2003
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2020年11月11日警察进入大悟集团 police presence at Dawu Group on November 11 2020
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158 DAYS
One hundred and fifty-eight days was the time Sun Dawu spent in prison in 2003. The author was present at Dawu Group during his arrest. He was the guest of Sun Dawu. He himself was put under house arrest for three days. In what is termed 2.0, Sun Dawu was arrested a second time. On April 18, 2020 158 days has passed. With respect to the author, he, too, would have been arrested a second time. He, too, would have been forced to read Article 1 regarding National Security or its modern equivalent as had happened on May 28, 2003. He, too, may have been arrested waiting for charges to be laid in what might become a gang related case.
You might say that this supposition is hypothetical and you would be correct. However, you will need more facts because the degree of certainty increases. The author who is a teacher sent a six page proposal by Fed Ex to Dawu Group at the end of 2019. He was creating his own teaching position as a "foreign expert" as he had formerly been classified by the Foreign Experts Bureau. He wanted to teach teachers. One can have much more influence teaching teachers of students rather than students. He had had experience in this field in both China at several schools and South Korea where he taught at Kunsan University. He was accepted for the position at Dawu Group. In addition, Sun Dawu wanted the author to teach his grandchildren.
It seems that the Canadian Embassy in Beijing under the leadership of Ambassador Barton was out of the loop concerning the emergent virus--at least according to the testimony of the ambassador before a parliamentary committee in 2020. On the other hand, the author was well acquainted with the emergence of a new virus similar to SARS. He had not forgotten the lessons of SARS because he had been at ground zero of the epidemic in Beijing prior to May 28, 2003. He had been teaching at both the Graduate School of CAS and at another university specializing in finance when the outbreak hit. He lived right across from a restaurant which was converted into a SARS hospital. Both this hospital and the military hospital in Beijing were the two designated places where patients were sent.
In SARS 2.0, a virus was identified at the end of December 2019 which had emerged in Wuhan. At the end of December Dr. Li Wenliang (李文亮) who was a doctor of opthalmology blew the whistle on a new virus similar to SARS. That doctor was Li Wenliang of Wuhan. That doctor had been the author's opthamologist in Xiamen. The author still holds his written prescription and uses the reading glasses which were manufactured at the clinic where he worked. The new virus was designated SARS-CoV-2. Dr. Li Wenliang passed away on February 06, 2020.
The author was well aware of the relationship between SARS and the arrests of Sun Dawu and Sun Zhigang in 2003. He had written an article called The Year of Two Suns about the beginning of the civil rights movement in China during 2003. Perhaps a reprint is necessary at this time. In retrospect, the author was a participant in what became a movement. SARS basically created a climate of fear where citizens demanded more rights--especially involving information and free speech while the government used cover-up because it was concerned about further unrest or "class struggle".
At any rate, the author saw a parallel between the arrest of Sun Dawu in 2003 during the SARS crisis and the possible arrest of Sun Dawu just a year after he had acted as a "whistleblower" in February 2019 about the African Swine Flu (ASF) epidemic in Hebei Province. This epidemic affected Chinese farmers who culled millions of swine. It still is prevalent in China. Sun Dawu is still referred by many international news organizations as a "pig farmer" because of the publicity or by Chinese state media with reference to the "pig killing list" of the government concerning alleged wayward entrepreneurs.
The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic though was affecting wide swaths of the Chinese population with its epicenter in Wuhan. To remind the reader, ASF is a hemorrhagic fever that affects mainly swine while SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory fever that affects humans and other mammals. It is possible for a pig and handler to have both ASF and SARS-CoV-2.
On January 16, 2020, the author informed the Dawu Group that he declined the offer to teach at their school. He informed Sun Dawu that he was concerned about the emergence of a new virus in China. He cited the opinion of The Lancet which is an independent, international general medical journal founded in 1823. The journal was saying they believed there were many more cases in Wuhan than were being officially reported. I am not sure why the Canadian Embassy in Beijing was not warning Canadians to avoid travel to China either because of COVID-19 or the arrest of Spavor and Kovrig, but the author was informing Sun that he was concerned and that Sun should be concerned about the emergence of a new disease. Indirectly, the author was saying to Sun that he might be arrested.
The second reason the author gave to Sun Dawu was that he (the author) might be arrested. The author saw the parallel between his house arrest in 2003 at the height of the SARS epidemic and his possible arrest in 2020 with the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Incidentally, the author was arrested in 2003 while he was establishing a new college in a cooperative program between Red Deer College, Alberta and Dawu Group. Officials of the Canadian Embassy had inspected the educational facilities of the Dawu Group.
In the author's opinion, it was more than likely that he himself might be arrested in 2020 because it was the end of the civil rights movement in China. For example, Xu Zhiyong who was the former lawyer of Sun Dawu and founder of the New Citizens' Movement (新公民运动) was on the run having evaded an arrest at a dinner party in Xiamen. This was unknown to the author at the time who actually had considered hiring Dr. Xu to meet him at the airport in the event that the author was arrested for arbitrary reasons as had been the Canadians known as Spavor and Kovrig. The lawyer who represented Sun Dawu in 2003 was arrested on February 15, 2020.
The author has contrasted this dinner party of a handful of citizens with the Baibuting Banquet in Wuhan of 10,000 participants where the mayor--Zhou Xianwang (周先旺)--was trying to set a world record. This contributed to the epidemic along with the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market (武汉华南海鲜批发市场) from which some of the food for the open banquet originated. What was the government's answer to banquets and food consumption especially of pork? Eat less!
The reader will point out quite rightly to the author that Sun Dawu was not arrested at the beginning of 2020 and that the epidemic was under control by the summer. However, Sun Dawu was arrested on November 11, 2020 between two resurgences of the disease in Hebei Provice. On June 15, 2020, there was an outbreak at Xinfadi market in Beijing. This must have reminded authorities of the outbreak traced to the Wuhan market which is denied by you know WHO. At the same time, authorities declared martial law in Baoding which is a 15 minute ride away from Dawu City. Then, on January 07, 2021, the capital of Hebei Province or Shijiazhuang which has a population of 11 million was under total lockdown.
In summary, there is a similar feature between the arrest of Sun Dawu in 2003 and in 2020. That feature is SARS and its derivative SARS-CoV-2. Both diseases started off as epidemics in China and became international pandemics. In 2003, the emergence of SARS coincided with the beginning of the civil rights movement in China. In 2020, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 marked the end of the civil rights movement with the arrest of Xu Zhiyong and Sun Dawu under a much more authoritarian government.
So far, the government has avoided or evaded a trial of the Confucian entrepreneur Sun Dawu. If there is a trial then it will be the trial of the century. It will remind the author of how Red Guards tried to dig up the bones of Confucius on two occassions in order to burn them during the Cultural Revolution. It will be Cultural Revolution 2.0 or The Great Terror 2.0 (大恐怖 2.0) . It will be the end of civil rights, Confucianism and private enterprise.
D. Carlton Rossi
2021年15月4日
updated 2021年18月4日
人类病毒
Human Virome
Telecommunication executives in China will be subject to rectification or correction which has a retributive aspect unless they self-educate themselves to censor informational chaos through rules and restrictions which in turn threaten rectification to their customers who may neglect to re-examine and re-educate themselves through self analysis. It is literally a chain of rectification. In layman's terms, it simply means don't criticize the government.
We are led to believe that stricter controls are a natural outcome of the situation after the COVID-19 outbreak. Clearly, the author needs more introspection to believe it is a natural outcome rather than a power play. It is difficult to be in-line with either One Thought policy of Socialism with Chinese characteristics or with No Thought of a Minority Government of One in Canada which wishes to extend its authoritarian socialist mandate. Frankly, the introspection results in cognitve dissonance and short-circuiting of synaptical connections.
The author is aware that his body is composed of bacteria and viruses. His gut instinct is that he must be defined by bacteria. There are up to 500 in his gut. However, on second self-examination--over a period of minutes--he is convinced the answer is viruses. In nature, viruses outnumber bacteria by 10-1. He has a unique "human virome" and it constantly changes. That means he must spend every minute if not every second of his life at self-examination. How he has time to do anything else except self-examination to avoid rectification is beyond his limited knowledge or ability.
Any self-examinatiion must start with definition. In this case, it must begin with the definition of "human virome". It is the total collection of viruses in and on the human body. His viruses are rapidly evolving and his human virome is quite dynamic. It seems rather chaotic. He will have to brush up on the technique of deep sequencing. Maybe he'll throw in a little ultradeep and a bit of transcritome sequencing.
Normally, he would look outside of himself to understand about viruses. For example, he would seek the advice of scientists at the Wuhan Institutue of Virology. Their scientists are experts on coronavirues at the Biosafety Level 4 Lab. In particular, they have extensive experience with bat viruses that can cause SARS-like coronaviruses with the potential for human transmission. Their avowed mission is to prevent future epidemics and not cause epidemics perhaps through lax security standards as some have claimed. However, while security standards may have been lax; nevertheless, secrecy is drum tight so consultation with experts is difficult. Let's be unbiased. One may say the same thing about the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, Canada--especially with the Qiu revelations.
Therefore, more self-examination is required for a person to understand himself/herself. It is rather ironical that while the threat of rectification is intended to induce compliance with one point of view in order to establish harmony its effect may be the opposite. One may realize that one's own human virome is unique and therefore the individual is unique. It seems rather chaotic to have 1.4 billion Chinese come to the self-realization that they have a unique human virome.
As a result of his newly discovered individuality, the author wonders if he was exposed to SARS when he lived in Beijing at the time of the SARS pandemic in 2003. He lived right across from a restaurant which was newly converted to a SARS hospital. He will have to search within himself for the RNA genome of SARS-HCoV.
He wonders (to himself only) why Canadian health experts didn't remember in 2020 how easily SARS spread from Beijing to Toronto in February 2003. Patient Zero was a woman who booked into the Metropole Hotel in Hong Kong and then returned to her home in Toronto. Severe acute respiratory syndrome killed 44 Canadians. Forty-four is a very unlucky number for Chinese. It became a more unlucky number for the Canadians who died.
Furthermore, he asks himself in an effort of self-discovery why Ottawa would dismantle the early pandemic warning system called Global Public Health Intelligence Network or GPHIN? It was set-up in 1997. The early warning system was cancelled on May 24, 2019 or two weeks before Dr. QIU Xiangguo was escorted out of the Level 4 Security section of the National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) in Winnipeg. She had made at least five trips to the Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences between 2017-2018, which was certified for BSL4 in January 2017. While she had been in Canada for 23 years it is somewhat murky if she were classified as a Canadian citizen, permanent resident or a Chinese national.
It is commonly hyped that GPHIN ceased to exist "less than a year before the COVID-19 pandemic began". However, self-analysis through Jungian depth psychology reveals to the author that it was less than six months after Dr. Qiu was escorted out of the lab for breach of protocol before the discovery of a SARS-like coronavirus on December 30, 2019 at 7:00 pm. That was the exact time at which samples arrived at the Wuhan Institute of Virology.
Historically, GPHIN I had detected that something was going on in China with regard to infectious diseases. Dr. Ron St. John, Director General, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response with the Public Health Agency of Canada reported that in late 2002 and early 2003 an influenza or early SARS was detected in China. However, he said that it was a new disease for which there was no test. From this system GPHIN II developed which gathers and disseminates data in a "real-time, 24/7" basis.
If authorities were to self-examine themselves regarding decisions they made regarding dismantlement of early warning virus detection systems they might ask the following. Was the decision to end GPHIN linked to the dismantling of Predict? The Trump administration cut funding for Predict which had identified 160 different viruses that had the potential to develop into pandemics. It was run by the US Agency for International Development which had instituted the program in 2009. The program was terminated in September 2019 just three months before it was believed COVID-19 began infecting people in Wuhan, Hubei.
Of course, authorites will say they cut programs to cut costs. However, it almost seems that with cancellation of programs so close together in time they may have been aware of what might transpire. Cancellations meant an absence of evidence which would allow for plausible deniability. For example, did US authorites know before September 2019 that a US Harvard professor allegedly became a Strategic Scientist beginning in 2011 at Wuhan University of Technology in China? In Canada, the early warning system was disbanded two weeks before Dr. Qiu, her husband and her students were escorted out of the Level 4 Lab in Winnipeg. CBC News reported that one of the scientists was "responsible for exporting [Ebola and Henipah] pathogens to the Wuhan Institute of Virology" some four months before July 5, 2019 or the day of expulsion. Do these incidents exhibit coincidence or rather correspondence?
The Chinese early warning system for infectious diseases was established in 2004. It is called the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) which is operated by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). According to Manoj Harjani who is a Research Fellow with Future Issues and Technology "China’s early warning system may have been hampered by its reliance on case information obtained after diagnosis rather than analysis of pre-diagnosis risk factors." One thinks of the expression "Closing the stable door after the horse has bolted".
Recently, according to a report in the British Medical Journal dated October 26, 2020, there is a call for a national intelligent syndromic surveillance system (NISSS) in China. It would incorporate real-time data to forecast an epidemic accurately and robustly in order to guide the epidemic control and prevention work. One wonders how much NISSS resembles GPHIN II?
The author's self-examination should not exclude SARS-CoV-2. In February, he self-isolated for three weeks with severe bronchitis and pneumonia at least as they were discoverable through his self-diagnosis. Obviously, it will be necessary as part of his self-examination to administer to himself the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic-acid Amplification Test. That will tell him whether or not he has had COVID-19.
In summary, self-examination has taught the author that he is a collection of viruses. He may have had SARS-HCoV which originated in Guangzhou, Guangdong. He probably had SARS-CoV-2 which originated in Wuhan, Hubei. He has received many Chinese vaccines over the last three decades. His unique human virome is more Chinese than he thought it was. Indeed, he is not what he eats, but rather the viruses to which he has been exposed.
D. Carlton Rossi
2020年11月1日
The Importance of Ostracism for Athenian Democracy
One remembers--for a moment--the crowd at President Trump's rally in Toledo, Ohio. They were yelling "Lock her up!" The president agreed. "You should lock her up, I'll tell you". The alleged crime of the Democratic presidential nominee wasn't made clear in the circus-like atmosphere. In that brief moment, the president lost more than the trust of the American people--he lost the election.The ancient city-state of Athens which began the democracy experiment had similar problems. However, one innovation called "ostracism" provided a relief value for tumultuous politics and tensions which substituted for the threat of a trial or an actual trial.
It was Cleisthenes who reformed the Athenian constitution in 508 BCE. For this achievement he is regarded as the father of Athenian democracy. He though was forcibly expelled from Athens by his political opponent Isagoras with the help of Spartan King Cleomenes. Isagoras dispossessed hundreds of Athenians of their homes and exiled them on the basis of the Alcmaeonid curse. However, councillors and the people resisted the attempt to abolish the "Boule" or Council.
It is said that Cleisthenes probably introduced the reform called "ostracism" which was first used in 487 BCE. It differed from Athenian law in that there was no charge or defense possible in a court of law. The vote could take place only once a year and applied to a single person.The exiled person could retain his property and be recalled earlier.
In contrast, Meletus in 399 BCE summoned Socrates (470-399 BCE) to court on charges of corrupting the youth and impiety. If found guilty before 500 citizens then Socrates would face a variable sentence from small fine to execution. One of the differences between ostracism and a trial was that the former required a quorum of 6000 while a trial required 500 citizens. The larger number gave a better representation of the people's wishes who were more likely to be swayed by reason than political rhetoric. In either case, though, it was not held in camera by judges who have already made a decision before hearing the case.
However, Socrates' case was special as he could only be tried for actions four years prior to his trial or 403-399 BCE. The reason was that a general amnesty was given to those before or during the reign of the Thirty Tyrants which lasted for eight months beginning in 404 BCE. The Thirty Tyrants were a pro-Spartan oligarchy led by Critias and Theramenes. Many wealthy citizens were murdered or exiled just so the Thirty could confiscate their property.
Yet, it was said by the orator Aechines "Men of Athens, you executed Socrates, the sophist, because he was clearly responsible for the education of Critias, one of the thirty anti-democratic leaders." It was also recorded by Xenophon "that Athenian anger at the reckless and destructive behavior of Critias and Alcibiades, both associates of Socrates, was the real reason behind the execution of Socrates in 399 BC (Memoirs of Socrates 1.2.12). In other words, Socrates was a scapegoat. One might therefore say that it was not the trial of the moral Socrates but rather the postumous trial of the immoral Critias and Alcibiades.
The vague charges of impiety may also have influenced the jury. "For Athenians, piety meant not only respect for the gods, but also for the dead and ancestors." Again, though, it was not what Socrates did but what Alcibiades might have done. Plutarch explains that Androcles, a political leader [in 415 BCE], used false witnesses who accused Alcibiades and his friends of mutilating the statues, and of profaning the Eleusinian Mysteries. Critias was accused of the same crime and released on the testimony of Andocides.
In summary, Socrates was treated as a scapegoat. He was sacrificed at trial in both the political arena and religious area.This was due to a popular hatred for the tyrant Critias and the figure of Alcibiades. While both men respected the teachings of Socrates they preferred an easier path which led to corruption.
It is Socrates though who is remembered through schools of philosophical thought. He used reason through what is termed the "Socratic Method" to determine that the supreme good is virtue which is defined as moral excellence. It so happens that another man named Confucius 孔子 (who chose and was allowed self-exile) developed a similar view emphasizing moral cultivation at about the same time in another place.
D. Carlton Rossi
2021年4月4日
Alcibiades
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcibiades
Critias (460—403 B.C.E.)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
https://iep.utm.edu/critias/
Ostracism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostracism
Thirty Tyrants
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Tyrants
The Trial of Socrates, Professor Douglas O. Linder
https://famous-trials.com/socrates/833-home
Kongzi
The Chinese Communist Party is not really very Chinese at all
Charles Burton
Special to The Globe and Mail
July 4, 2020
With enormous good grace, considering the circumstances, my kindly and generous teachers readily took me in as one of their own. What they taught me was that China’s cultural greatness yesterday, today and tomorrow lies in the immutable principles clearly and simply expressed in the classical Chinese of the ancient sages of China’s Confucian tradition.
If the party seeks to devastate the international rules-based order, then be transparent and open about it. It is a betrayal to claim the party’s dissembling is true to Chinese cultural imperatives. In this sense, the Chinese Communist Party is ultimately not very Chinese.
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-the-chinese-communist-party-is-not-really-very-chinese-at-all/
To Be Confucian is to be Chinese
Professor Burton is one of the few Canadians who understand the basic nature of the Chinese. To be Chinese is to be Confucian and to be Confucian is to be Chinese. The Communist Party of China tries to impose an unnatural order on the Chinese people.
If Canadian foreign policy with regard to China does not begin with an understanding of the role of Confucianism in China it will fail. Communism may be only a short lived and short sighted experiment. To illustrate this point one might paraphrase the words of one who was to have been the successor of Mao. One cannot judge the success of the French Revolution as it is too early to determine. In the same vein, one cannot yet judge the success of the Communist Party in relation to Confucianism whose principles were based on governance during the Zhou Dynasty.
One might refine the contrast between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Confucianism with respect to religion, philosophy and governance. With respect to religion the CPC is atheistic. This means there is no God or afterlife. However, Communism has effectively turned atheism into a religion as the only image to view and word to hear is of the leader. Everyone is to have one thought without thinking and the origin of One Thought is from the number one leader.
On the other hand, Confucianism expresses the continuity of life through the family and ancestral worship. It is accomplished through ritual which has been practiced over thousands of years. Its goal is to harmonize the earthly and heavenly. This is accomplished through the heart and feelings.
Ultimately, the philosophy of the CPC is based on atomism expressed by the Pre-Socratic philosopher Democritus. Everything is composed of atoms. Everything is material. In modern terms it becomes dialectical materialism developed during the Industrial Revolution and expressed by Hegel.
There is a clear distinction between governance as practiced by Communists and Confucianists. A communist system in China is top down. It uses the philosophy of Legalism and rule by law developed by Mozi. Furthermore, it assumes the individual is guilty until proven innocent. In order to correct behaviour in a communist system the individual must live in fear of punishment.
A Confucian system of governance is bottom up or to express it another way is "of the people" as opposed to "of one person". It stresses rule of law where law is the lowest form of morality. It is believed the individual is innocent until proven guilty. Good behaviour is rewarded.
A practical model of Confucianism has been established by Sun Dawu of Dawu Group at Dawu City in Hebei Province. It is based on the Private Entrepreneurial Constitutional System. Cadres elect management every two years. Voting is mandatory. Of equal importance is that decisions are made by workers and implemented by management. The goal of the enterprise is not profit but the welfare of the people.
This Confucian model of an enterprise and city is to be contrasted to the establishment of a new city nearby called Xiaong'an. It will be President Xi's legacy. It is based on 5G, artificial intelligence and the internet of things. Basically, it will be the pinnacle and penultimate of materialism. It will be where machines dominate machine-like units whose performance is programmed.
Basically speaking, Confucianism looks backwards to the past while Communism looks forward to the future. The former prefers evolution while the latter stresses revolution. If Confucianism is to successfully compete with Communism it must consider a morality based on future generations. Furthermore, it must become less paternally patriarchal and more maternally matriarchal. If one looks at history prior to 5000 years then one sees Chinese society was matriarchal. Both Confucianism and Communism today are unbalanced patriarchal systems which are disharmonius. Therefore, Confucianism must distinguish itself from Communism by modernizing the definition of family and by empowering women through practice.
D. Carlton Rossi
July 05, 2020
Prime Minister, PM, Prime, Minister, Ottawa, Parliament, government, Chinese, China, 2022, Justin Trudeau
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